Microbiology: An Introduction
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780321929150
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 6R
Identify when (before transcription, after transcription but before translation, after translation) each of the following regulatory mechanisms functions.
- a. ATP combines with an enzyme, altering its shape.
- b. A short RNA is synthesized that is complementary to mRNA.
- c. Methylation of DNA occurs.
- d. An inducer combines with a repressor.
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Which of the following is the best description of a transcription factor?
A. A protein that brings the correct nucleotides to RNA polymerase
B. A protein that binds to specific DNA sequences
C. A DNA sequence that binds to RNA polymerase
D. A modification that is made to mRNA to help it be exported from the nucleus.
.
For each statement about gene expression mechanisms, choose the correct end to the sentence.
For each gene, the template strand for transcription is determined by….
The direction of translation is determined by……
The tissue-specificity of protein production is determined by….
choices:
a. location of the start codon
b. location of the promoter
c. direction of polymerization by RNA polymerase
d. none of these
e. direction of movement of ribosomes
f. overall orientation of the chromosome
Which sequence is most likely to be found in a promoter?
a) CGGTGTATATCGTAC
b) GTACAGTCATCCCGT
c) AAATCTACTACGATT
d) GGGTTGGGTTGGGTT
Chapter 8 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 8 - Briefly describe the components of DNA, and...Ch. 8 - DRAW IT Identify and mark each of the following on...Ch. 8 - Match the following examples of mutagens. Column A...Ch. 8 - The following is a code for a strand of DNA. a....Ch. 8 - Identify when (before transcription, after...Ch. 8 - Which sequence is the best target for damage by UV...Ch. 8 - You are provided with cultures with the following...Ch. 8 - Why are mutation and recombination important in...Ch. 8 - NAME IT Normally a commensal in the human...Ch. 8 - Match the following terms to the definitions in...
Ch. 8 - Match the following terms to the definitions in...Ch. 8 - Feedback inhibition differs from repression...Ch. 8 - Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance by all...Ch. 8 - Suppose you inoculate three flasks of minimal...Ch. 8 - Plasmids differ from transposons in that plasmids...Ch. 8 - Mechanism by which the presence of glucose...Ch. 8 - The mechanism by which lactose controls the lac...Ch. 8 - Two offspring cells are most likely to inherit...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is not a method of...Ch. 8 - Nucleoside analogs and ionizing radiation are used...Ch. 8 - Replication of the E. coli chromosome takes 40 to...Ch. 8 - Pseudomonas has a plasmid containing the mer...Ch. 8 - Ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and acyclovir are...Ch. 8 - HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was isolated from...Ch. 8 - Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) is common in parts of...
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- Put the following processes in order of their occurrence during expression of a eukaryotic gene: a. mRNA processing c. transcription b. translation d. RNA leaves nucleusarrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of positive control? (a) transcription occurs when a repressor binds to an inducer (b) transcription cannot occur when a repressor binds to a corepressor (c) transcription is stimulated when an activator protein binds to DNA (d) a and b (e) a and carrow_forwardIs each of the following statements true or false? A. An enhancer is a type of regulatory element. B. A core promoter is a type of regulatory element. C. Regulatory transcription factors bind to regulatory elements. D. An enhancer may cause the down regulation of transcription.arrow_forward
- The formation of peptide bonds between amino acids occurs _____. a. during transcription b. during the elongation step to translation c. during the assemble of the ribosome and mRNA d. while DNA is being replicatedarrow_forwardMutations that occur at the end of a gene may alter the sequence of the gene and prevent transcriptional termination. A. What types of mutations would prevent ρ-independent termination? B. What types of mutations would prevent ρ-dependent termination? C. If a mutation prevented transcriptional termination at the end of a gene, where would gene transcription end? Or would it end?arrow_forwardWithin a cell, the amount of protein made using a given mRNA molecule depends partly on A. the presence of certain transcription factors. B. the rate at which the mRNA is degraded. C. the degree of DNA methylation. D. the number of introns present in the mRNA. please explain which is correct and incorrect and whyarrow_forward
- During elongation (in transcription), RNA polymerase has three prominent channels, or grooves. These channels provide sites for all of the following EXCEPT ___. A. A site for the entry of RNA nucleotides B. A site for the growing RNA strand to exit C. A site for the double-stranded DNA molecule it is transcribing D. A site for the entry of amino acidsarrow_forwardDefine, explain, and differentiate between, the processes of transcription and translation. What enzymes or sub-cellular structures are responsible for carrying out these processes?arrow_forwardWhat will result from the binding of a transcription factor to an enhancer region? a. decreased transcription of an adjacent gene b. increased transcription of a distant gene c. alteration of the translation of an adjacent gene d. initiation of the recruitment of RNA polymerasearrow_forward
- Why is regulating transcription the main way that cells control gene expression? A. Because transcription is the last step in gene expression, stopping here ensures that the cell has a stockpile of proteins to prepare them from all unexpected environmental changes. B. Because transcription involves interactions with DNA, preventing transcription reduces the changes of mutation in the cell’s genome. C. Because transcription is the first step in gene expression, stopping at transcription reduces the amount of energy and resources used by producing unnecessary gene products. D. Because transcription is the shortest step in gene expression, preventing transcription has little effect on the rate of protein production.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best explains how the prokaryotic expression of a metabolic protein can be regulated when the protein is already present at a high concentration? a.Repressor proteins can be activated and bind to regulatory sequences to block transcription. b.Regulatory proteins can be inactivated to increase gene expression. c.Transcription factors can bind to regulatory sequences to increase RNA polymerase binding. d.Histone modification can prevent transcription of the gene.arrow_forwardWhat are the role of transcription proteins? Explain briefly at your own wordsarrow_forward
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