Chapter U2.11, Problem 1TAI

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The method to predict the shape of the molecule needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Shape of a molecule depends on the total number of electrons in the valence shell which includes both lone pair and bond pair electrons.

Answer to Problem 1TAI

Hybridization of central atom of a molecule helps to find the geometry of the molecule and considering the presence of lone pair, the shape of the molecule can be predicted.

Explanation of Solution

In molecules, atoms are arranged in a manner to minimize the repulsive interactions among bonds. Hybridization is process of mixing orbitals resulting the formation of orbitals with same shape, size and energy. If the hybridization is known, the number of lone pair and bond pair electrons of is counted which helps in finding the final shape of the molecule. For example, N is sp³ hybridized in ammonia. There is one lone pair on nitrogen. Thus, the geometry is tetrahedral but the shape is trigonal pyramidal.

Conclusion

Shape of a molecule can be predicted from the total number of valence electrons.