(a) Interpretation: The compounds c i s − 2 − hexene and 1 − hexyne are to be differentiated. Concept introduction: The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons . Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes . The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula C n H 2 n - 2 . The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix − y n e .

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 14, Problem 14.32AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The compounds cis−2−hexene and 1−hexyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The compounds 1−hexyne and 2−hexyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The compounds 4,4−dimethyl−2−hexyne and 3,3−dimethylhexane are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The compounds propyne and 1−decyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The alkynes contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

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(b) The structure of heptalene (2E) is shown below. Answer the following questions: (i) Is heptalene aromatic, non-aromatic, or anti-aromatic? (ii) 2E can be readily protonated to form a more stable species. Draw the structure of the protonated 2E and explain the stability. heptalene (2E)

Compound C has the molecular formula C5H8O. The IR, 1H, 13C, and DEPT NMR spectra of this compound are shown below. (a) Calculate the double bond equivalent of compound C and briefly explain what the values obtains represents. Interpret the IR spectrum. (b) Based on the information provided, determine the structure of compound D.

There are several isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C6H14.Two of these exhibit the following 1H-NMR spectra. Propose a structure for each of the isomers. Isomer A: δ = 0.84 (d, 12 H), 1.39 (septet, 2H) ppm Isomer B: δ = 0.84 (t, 3 H), 0.86 (s, 9H), 1.22 (q, 2H) ppm

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 14, Problem 14.32AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The compounds cis−2−hexene and 1−hexyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The compounds 1−hexyne and 2−hexyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The compounds 4,4−dimethyl−2−hexyne and 3,3−dimethylhexane are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The compounds propyne and 1−decyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The alkynes contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 14, Problem 14.32AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The compounds cis−2−hexene and 1−hexyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The compounds 1−hexyne and 2−hexyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The compounds 4,4−dimethyl−2−hexyne and 3,3−dimethylhexane are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The compounds propyne and 1−decyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The alkynes contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 14, Problem 14.32AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The compounds cis−2−hexene and 1−hexyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The compounds 1−hexyne and 2−hexyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The compounds 4,4−dimethyl−2−hexyne and 3,3−dimethylhexane are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The compounds propyne and 1−decyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The alkynes contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 14.32AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The compounds cis−2−hexene and 1−hexyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The compounds 1−hexyne and 2−hexyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The compounds 4,4−dimethyl−2−hexyne and 3,3−dimethylhexane are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The compounds propyne and 1−decyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The alkynes contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 14.32AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The compounds cis−2−hexene and 1−hexyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 14.32AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The compounds cis−2−hexene and 1−hexyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The compounds 1−hexyne and 2−hexyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The compounds 1−hexyne and 2−hexyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The compounds 4,4−dimethyl−2−hexyne and 3,3−dimethylhexane are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The compounds 4,4−dimethyl−2−hexyne and 3,3−dimethylhexane are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds are of two types, alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The compounds propyne and 1−decyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The alkynes contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The compounds propyne and 1−decyne are to be differentiated.

Concept introduction:

The alkynes contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.1P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.2P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.3P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.4P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.5P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.6P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.7P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.8P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.9P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.10P

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