(a) Interpretation: The mechanism of reduction from 1 − alkynes to alkenes and its acidity are to be stated. Concept introduction: The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds which are saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons . Unsaturated hydrocarbon compound are of two types alkenes and alkynes . The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula C n H 2 n - 2 . For example, HC ≡ CH . It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix − y n e .

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 14, Problem 14.40AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism of reduction from 1−alkynes to alkenes and its acidity are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds which are saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compound are of two types alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example, HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for complete conversion of 1−alkynes into alkenes when (NH4)2SO4 is added is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds which are Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compound are of two types alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example, HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

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Draw the organic product obtained by hydroboration-oxidation of each of the following alkenes: (a) trans-2-pentene, (b) 2-tert-butyl-3,3-dimethyl-1- butene, and (c) 1-methylcyclohexene. Having done this, draw the product of the acid-catalyzed hydration of these same alkenes. How do the reaction products differ?

Q2. Consider the nucleophilic substitution reaction between 3-chloro-3-methylpentane and the hydroxide ion: CI x + OH (a) Is the alkyl halide 1°, 2° or 3°? (b) Will the nucleophilic substitution reaction be S₁1 or S№2? (c) Give the substitution mechanism showing all full and partial positive and negative charges, electron movements using curved arrows.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 14, Problem 14.40AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism of reduction from 1−alkynes to alkenes and its acidity are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds which are saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compound are of two types alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example, HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for complete conversion of 1−alkynes into alkenes when (NH4)2SO4 is added is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds which are Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compound are of two types alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example, HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 14, Problem 14.40AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism of reduction from 1−alkynes to alkenes and its acidity are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds which are saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compound are of two types alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example, HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for complete conversion of 1−alkynes into alkenes when (NH4)2SO4 is added is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds which are Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compound are of two types alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example, HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 14, Problem 14.40AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism of reduction from 1−alkynes to alkenes and its acidity are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds which are saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compound are of two types alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example, HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for complete conversion of 1−alkynes into alkenes when (NH4)2SO4 is added is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds which are Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compound are of two types alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example, HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 14.40AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism of reduction from 1−alkynes to alkenes and its acidity are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds which are saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compound are of two types alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example, HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for complete conversion of 1−alkynes into alkenes when (NH4)2SO4 is added is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds which are Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compound are of two types alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example, HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 14.40AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism of reduction from 1−alkynes to alkenes and its acidity are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds which are saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compound are of two types alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example, HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 14.40AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mechanism of reduction from 1−alkynes to alkenes and its acidity are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds which are saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compound are of two types alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example, HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for complete conversion of 1−alkynes into alkenes when (NH4)2SO4 is added is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds which are Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compound are of two types alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example, HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for complete conversion of 1−alkynes into alkenes when (NH4)2SO4 is added is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are known as hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds originate from plants and animals. These are also known as organic compounds. There are two classes of hydrocarbon compounds which are Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compound are of two types alkenes and alkynes. The alkene contains a double bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms and follow general formula CnH2n-2. For example, HC≡CH. It is the smallest member of the alkynes class of compounds. The name of the alkyne compounds ends with suffix −yne.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 13

Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.1P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.2P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.3P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.4P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.5P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.6P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.7P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.8P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.9P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the mechanism of reduction from 1-alkynes to alkenes and its acidity.

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