(a)
Interpretation:
The delocalization of the positive charge, unpaired electron and negative charge of the benzyl cation, radical and anion using their resonance forms is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.
(b)
Interpretation:
The information regarding the formation of benzyl bromide by the reaction between toluene and bromine in the presence of light is given. The mechanism for the given reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
A free radical reaction occurs in the presence of UV light. It involves three steps initiation, propagation and termination reaction. The
(c)
Interpretation:
Two different types of reactions are given. The reaction that will have a faster rate and give better yield using the drawing of the transition state is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Most of the organic structures cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. Therefore, there exists more than one Lewis structure for representing a molecule or ion. These structures are known as resonance structures. These are the hypothetical structures and do not specify the exact structure. These resonance structures combine to give a resonance hybrid that is lower in energy and is the most stable structure.
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EP ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -MOD.MASTERING 18W
- naming a chemical compound. I'm currently learning how to name alkanes and alkyl halides. Im confused about the compound ethanal, or acetaldehyde. The second carbon has a double bond on its hydrogen, so I'm wondering why the infix is "an" instead of "en". Frpm the table of infixes, it says "an" is for single bonds. Can someone help me understandarrow_forward25. Alkene Isomerization An alkene isomerization reaction is shown below. a. C. iPr. - 59.7 kJ/mol When considering alkene stability (and before looking at the numbers or doing any calculations), decide whether you believe Keq for the reaction as drawn is greater than or less than one. Briefly explain your choice (1 sentence). b. The energy of formation for each molecule from its elements in their standard state is shown below the structures above. Use these values to find Keq for this reaction at 298 K. % each: Ignoring the stereochemistry of the reaction, draw the mechanism for the reaction of cis-4-methyl-2- pentene with Br2. d. The reaction between these molecules and bromine is stereospecific (each isomer gives a different product). Suppose 1 mole of trans-4-methyl-2-pentene was allowed to reach equilibrium before being reacted with molecular bromine. Based on your answer to part b, estimate the percentages of each product shown. (For partial credit, you may also just use the…arrow_forwardFor each of the following compounds, 1. draw the Lewis structure. 2. show how the bond dipole moments (and those of any nonbonding pairs of electrons) contribute to the molecular dipole moment. 3. estimate whether the compound will have a large, small, or zero dipole moment.arrow_forward
- The bond dissociation energy of one of the C–H bonds is considerablyless than the bond dissociation energy of the other. Which C–H bondis weaker? Offer an explanation.arrow_forward3. What monomer or monomers are needed to form the following polymer 4. Rank the following radicals in order of stability (4=least stable, 1= most stable) d 5. Rank the following C-H bonds in order of increasing bond strength (if any are the same state which ones) (1= weakest, 3= strongest) xol H Harrow_forwardte Bb Welcome, Kawtha... O Maps GE News Home [Review Topics)] [References] Draw structural formulas for the major organic product(s) of the reaction shown below. CH2CH3 stered FeBr3 Br2 You do not have to consider stereochemistry. If no reaction occurs, draw the organic starting material. • Remember to include all of the formal charges on the atoms of any nitro groups. Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner. Separate multiple products using the + sign from the drop-down menu. opy aste Previous Next Email Instructor Save and Cengage Learning | Cengage Technical Supportarrow_forward
- to undergo chemical changes. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of benzene? Select one: O A. Benzene tends to react by substitution, but not by addition. O B. The benzene molecule has a very low energy content. OC. The benzene molecule is a planar ring with three C=C's alternating with three C-C's. O D. The benzene molecule is planar with six delocalized electrons. 1,3-Cyclopentadiene (pKa = 16) is a much stronger acid than cyclopentane (pka = 44). 0 US 0 Mar 16 6:25 8arrow_forwardRemaining Time: 1 hour, 11 minutes, 56 seconds. * Question Completion Status: A Moving to the next question prevents changes to this answer. Question 8 How many unhybridized p-orbitals are in the carbon label b in the structure below? O A. 1 B. 2 DC. 3 OD.4 O E. O 4. Unit 4 - Diastereo..m4v Deen fle 3. Unit 4 - R And S..m4v Open file 1. Unit 4 - Introduct..m4v Cpen file earch a 99arrow_forwardDetermining the Relative Energy of Resonance Structures and the Hybrid Draw a second resonance structure for carbocation A, as well as the hybrid of both resonance structures. Then use Rules [1]–[3] to rank the relative stability of both resonance structures and the hybrid.arrow_forward
- 10. Name the following structure. 11. Of these two resonance structures, the greater contribution to the resonance hybrid is from the second one. Based on what you know about charge stability, does this make sense? How can you explain this observation, with everything you know about resonance forms?arrow_forwardWhich structure is the most stable NH₂ A. Br O NH₂ E. D. B. NH₂ NH₂ Y by x Br Rr Br C. Br NH₂arrow_forwardWhich statement correctly describes the formation of the halogen radical, in radical halogenation? Options: Light excites electrons from the X2 lone pair into the anti-bonding orbital, thereby breaking the bond and forming radicals. Light excites electrons from the X2 sigma bond into the anti-bonding orbital, thereby breaking the bond and forming radicals. Heat excites electrons from the X2 lone pair into the anti-bonding orbital, thereby breaking the bond and forming radicals. Heat excites electrons from the X2 lone pair into the anti-bonding orbital, thereby breaking the bond and forming radicals.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co