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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Given amide has to be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary amide.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are the important basis of life. They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc. The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms. All the organic compounds contain the element carbon. Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.
Organic compounds contain heteroatom also. Some of them are nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen etc. Nitrogen containing organic compounds are of two important types and they are
One of the
Amides are also classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary amide.
Primary amide is the one that has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Primary amides are also known as unsubstituted amides.
Secondary amide is the one that has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to one hydrogen atom and one alkyl (or aryl) group. Secondary amides are also known as monosubstituted amides.
Tertiary amide is the one that has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to two alkyl (or aryl) groups. Tertiary amides are also known as disubstituted amides.
Apart from linear amides, there are also cyclic amides. They are formed by intramolecular condensation. Cyclic amides are also known as lactams.
(b)
Interpretation:
Given amide has to be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary amide.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are the important basis of life. They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc. The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms. All the organic compounds contain the element carbon. Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.
Organic compounds contain heteroatom also. Some of them are nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen etc. Nitrogen containing organic compounds are of two important types and they are amines, amides.
One of the carboxylic acid derivatives is amide. In this the carboxyl
Amides are also classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary amide.
Primary amide is the one that has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Primary amides are also known as unsubstituted amides.
Secondary amide is the one that has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to one hydrogen atom and one alkyl (or aryl) group. Secondary amides are also known as monosubstituted amides.
Tertiary amide is the one that has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to two alkyl (or aryl) groups. Tertiary amides are also known as disubstituted amides.
Apart from linear amides, there are also cyclic amides. They are formed by intramolecular condensation. Cyclic amides are also known as lactams.
(c)
Interpretation:
Given amide has to be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary amide.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are the important basis of life. They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc. The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms. All the organic compounds contain the element carbon. Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.
Organic compounds contain heteroatom also. Some of them are nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen etc. Nitrogen containing organic compounds are of two important types and they are amines, amides.
One of the carboxylic acid derivatives is amide. In this the carboxyl
Amides are also classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary amide.
Primary amide is the one that has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Primary amides are also known as unsubstituted amides.
Secondary amide is the one that has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to one hydrogen atom and one alkyl (or aryl) group. Secondary amides are also known as monosubstituted amides.
Tertiary amide is the one that has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to two alkyl (or aryl) groups. Tertiary amides are also known as disubstituted amides.
Apart from linear amides, there are also cyclic amides. They are formed by intramolecular condensation. Cyclic amides are also known as lactams.
(d)
Interpretation:
Given amide has to be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary amide.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are the important basis of life. They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc. The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms. All the organic compounds contain the element carbon. Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.
Organic compounds contain heteroatom also. Some of them are nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen etc. Nitrogen containing organic compounds are of two important types and they are amines, amides.
One of the carboxylic acid derivatives is amide. In this the carboxyl
Amides are also classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary amide.
Primary amide is the one that has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Primary amides are also known as unsubstituted amides.
Secondary amide is the one that has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to one hydrogen atom and one alkyl (or aryl) group. Secondary amides are also known as monosubstituted amides.
Tertiary amide is the one that has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to two alkyl (or aryl) groups. Tertiary amides are also known as disubstituted amides.
Apart from linear amides, there are also cyclic amides. They are formed by intramolecular condensation. Cyclic amides are also known as lactams.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Does trehalose (Problem 20.68) have an acetal grouping? A hemiacetal grouping? Do you expect trehalose to be a reducing or nonreducing sugar? Classify the linkage between the two monosaccharides.arrow_forwardFollowing are Fischer projection for a group of five carbon sugars,all of which are aldopentoses. Identify the pairs that are enantiomers and the pairs that are epimers.(The sugar shown herebare not all of the possible five carbon sugars.)arrow_forwardWhat is the complete name of the following sugar? но он носн он Write out the words alpha and beta. This question is case-sensitive. Capitalize only the configuration designation, D or L, example: beta-D-glucopyranose.arrow_forward
- Histidine is an amino acid with three titratable groups: an -NH3+ group (pKa = 9.2), a -COOH group (pKa = 1.8), and an imidazole (amine-like) group (pKa = 6.0). The titration curve for histidine is shown below with four points highlighted. (a) Identify which point on the titration curve corresponds to the pKa for each of the titratable groups, and which point corresponds to the pI. Explain your choices. (b) Calculate the value of pI for histidinearrow_forwardWhich form of lysine in Problem 18.56 is the zwitterion? What is the pI for the zwitterion?arrow_forwardFollowing are Fischer projections for a group of five-carbon sugars, all of which are aldopentoses. Identify the pairs that are enantiomers. CHO сно H-C- OH H-C-OH H-C- OH но-с — н н-с—он но- ČHOH ČH,OH сно CHO Н-с—он но—с— н H-C- OH H-C-OH но—с—н Н-с—он ČHOH ČH,OH сно сно н-с—он но—с —н но—с— н но -с — н H-C- OH но- C-H ČH,OH ČH,OHarrow_forward
- Does gentiobiose (Problem 20.66) have an acetal grouping? A hemiacetal grouping? Do you expect gentiobiose to be a reducing or nonreducing sugar? How would you classify the linkage (x or β and carbon numbers) between the two monosaccharides?arrow_forwardIdentify each of the following Haworth projection formulas as an a-D monosaccharide or a ß D-monosaccharide.arrow_forwardFollowing are Fischer projections for a groupof five-carbon sugars, all of which are aldopentoses. Identify thepairs that are enantiomers and the pairs that are epimers. (Thesugars shown here are not all of the possible five-carbon sugars.)arrow_forward
- Give one specific sample structure (Fischer Projection or Haworth) of the following carbohydrate derivatives: - Amino-sugararrow_forwardIn the monosaccharide derivatives known as sugar alcohols, the carbonyl oxygen is reduced to a hydroxyl group. For example, D-glyceraldehyde can be reduced to glycerol. However, this sugar alcohol is no longer designated D or L. Why?arrow_forwardFollowing are Fischer projections for a group of five-carbon sugars, all of which are aldopentoses. Identify the pairs that are enantiomers and the pairs that are epimers СНО СНО СНО H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C-OH Но-С—н H-C-OH H-C-OH Но-ҫ—н Но—с—н CHOH CHĻOH ČH,OH СНО СНО СНО Но —С— н H-C-OH HO-C-H Н—С—он Но -С—н HO-C-H H-c-OH H-C-OH HO-C-H CH̟OH ČHĻOH ČHĻOH Pairs of Enantiomers Pairs of Epimersarrow_forward
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