Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 20, Problem 24P
The text explained that retroviruses can cause cancer. Some viruses with DNA genomes can also cause cancer. For example, herpes papilloma virus (HPV) causes cervical cancer. The HPV genome encodes a protein called E6 that interferes with p53 function, and another protein called E7 that inhibits the function of Rb protein. Explain how HPV causes cancer. Are the viral E6 and E7 protein functions more similar to oncogenes or tumor suppressors?
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Our understanding of the molecular biology of cancer formation has been greatly enhanced by studying oncogenic viruses. Answer the following questions regarding oncogenic retroviruses?
What is an oncogene? How does if differ from a proto-oncogene?
Why are retroviruses prone to accumulating oncogenes?
Explain how a gain of function mutation in the Ras protein caused by a retrovirus might lead to cancer formation
Which of the following demonstrates the link between oncogenes and cancer?
a.Oncogenes do not have mutations that increase the activity or number of molecules that stimulate mitosis.
b.Oncogenes produce molecules that inhibit mitosis.
c.They are genes that transform tumor cells into normal cells.
d.The mutations in oncogenes increase the activity or number of molecules that stimulate mitosis, leading to irregular cell division.
majority of cancers in human are due to mutations in the p53 gene, however, cancers that are caused by human papillomaviruses doesn't. What is the reason why? please help, i am having a hard time understanding this
Chapter 20 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 20 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 20 - Characterize the differences between tumor cells...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3PCh. 20 - Prob. 4PCh. 20 - A carcinogenic compound is placed on the skin of...Ch. 20 - You have decided to study genetic factors...Ch. 20 - B cells are specialized blood cells that secrete...Ch. 20 - Molecules outside and inside the cell regulate the...Ch. 20 - Put the following steps in the correct ordered...Ch. 20 - a. Would you expect a cell to continue or to stop...
Ch. 20 - Two different protein complexes called SCF and APC...Ch. 20 - One of the hallmarks of mitotic anaphase is the...Ch. 20 - Concerning the Tools of Genetics Box Analysis of...Ch. 20 - Are genome and karyotype instabilities...Ch. 20 - Prob. 15PCh. 20 - Why dont all loss-of-function mutations that are...Ch. 20 - Chromothripsis is a rare phenomenon, first...Ch. 20 - The chromosome 9/22 translocation associated with...Ch. 20 - A female patient 19 years old, whose symptoms are...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20PCh. 20 - A generic signaling cascade is shown in the...Ch. 20 - Neurofibromatosis type 1 NF1; also known as von...Ch. 20 - Families with germ-line BRCA1 or BRCA2...Ch. 20 - The text explained that retroviruses can cause...Ch. 20 - Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent form...Ch. 20 - Suppose that instead of microarrays, you analyzed...Ch. 20 - Prob. 27PCh. 20 - Glioblastoma multiforme GBM is the most common and...Ch. 20 - a. The legend to Fig. 20.29 identifies which of...Ch. 20 - The website CBioPortal http://www.cbioportal.org...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The head of the oncology divison of a large biotech company proposes to develop a therapeutic antibody to treat cancers with mutant B-Raf oncogene. Is this a good idea? Why or why not(limit 3-4 sentences)?arrow_forwardYou are in charge of a new gene therapy clinic. Two cases have been referred to you for review and possible therapy. Case 1. A mutation in the promoter of a proto-oncogene causes the gene to make too much of its normal product, a receptor protein that promotes cell division. The uncontrolled cell division has caused cancer. Case 2. A mutation in an exon of a tumor-suppressor gene makes this gene nonfunctional. The product of this gene normally suppresses cell division. The mutant gene cannot suppress cell division, and this has led to cancer. What treatment options can you suggest for each case?arrow_forwardFigure 10.14 Human papillomavirus can cause cervical cancer. The virus encodes E6, a protein that binds p53. Based on this fact and what you know about p53, what effect do you think E6 binding has on p53 activity? E6 activates p53 E6 inactivates p53 E6 mutates p53 E6 binding marks p53 for degradationarrow_forward
- Explain why many oncogenic viruses contain genes whose products interact with tumor-suppressor proteins.arrow_forwardWhat is the Philadelphia chromosome? Briefly describe how it causes chronic myeloid leukemia.arrow_forwardMutations in the ras gene family induce normal cells to proceed into the replication cycle. This converts the ras gene from a ________ gene to a ________ gene. a. proto-oncogene; oncogene b. oncogene; proto-oncogene c. mutant; oncogene d. tumor suppressor; proto-oncogenearrow_forward
- Our understanding of the molecular biology of cancer formation has been greatly enhanced by studying oncogenic viruses. Answer the following questions regarding oncogenic retroviruses? Explain how a gain of function mutation in the Ras protein caused by a retrovirus might lead to cancer formation.arrow_forwardThis is a blank question. Thank you in advance, Bloom Syndrome Bloom syndrome is a rare genetic disorder. It is characterized by short stature and a long narrow face with prominent nose and ears. There is also increased sensitivity to light. People who have the disorder often develop rashes on their face, forearms, and hands when they have been exposed to the sun. In addition, these people often suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and have a higher chance of developing cancer. The cause of this genetic disorder is a mutation in the BLM gene located on chromosome 15. The immediate effect of this mutation is that there is a defect in the functioning of the DNA helicase enzyme. What would be the effect of this mutation on DNA replication? What stage of the cell cycle would be most affected?arrow_forwardMatch the mutation with the appropriate term. Answers may be used more than once or not at all Arises from point mutation Answer 1 Transcription Factor Answer 2 Results in protein that cannot be inactivated Answer 3 Arises from chromosomal translocation Answer 4 Arises from gene amplification Answer 5 Fusion Proteinarrow_forward
- In a few sentences, describe how p53 guards the genome. Include at least two specific ways that p53 guards the genome. In a few more sentences, describe the structure and function of the p53 protein. Structure: what domains are present in the p53 protein? Do p53 work as a single protein or as part of a complex? Function: what do the different domains do? How can p53 do so many different things?arrow_forwardp53 is a gene / protein often associated with cancer. Why? What does p53 do? What kind of gene is it? Is it associated more with any one particular type of cancer or all cancers? Tell me more about p53, but please do not exceed one typed page.arrow_forwardcompare and contrast cancer caused by viruses and cancer caused by oncogenesarrow_forward
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