The three-dimensional formula for isomer of aldotetrose and ketopentose is to be written and each isomer as D or L sugar is to be designated. Concept introduction: Monosaccharides containing 3-carbon atoms are called triose , 4-carbon atoms are called tetrose, 5-carbon atoms are called pentose, and so on. In chiral molecules, carbon atom having four non-identical substituent groups is called the chirality center of that molecule. Chirality center may also be called stereocenter, which signifies any point in the molecule where the interchanging of any two groups may lead to stereoisomers. Monosaccharide having its highest chirality center same as that of D (or +) − Glyceraldhyde is designated as D − Sugar , conversely, if the same monosaccharide has its highest chirality center same as that of L (or − ) − Glyceraldhyde , it is designated as L − Sugar .

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 22, Problem 2PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The three-dimensional formula for isomer of aldotetrose and ketopentose is to be written and each isomer as D or L sugar is to be designated.

Concept introduction:

Monosaccharides containing 3-carbon atoms are called triose, 4-carbon atoms are called tetrose, 5-carbon atoms are called pentose, and so on.

In chiral molecules, carbon atom having four non-identical substituent groups is called the chirality center of that molecule. Chirality center may also be called stereocenter, which signifies any point in the molecule where the interchanging of any two groups may lead to stereoisomers.

Monosaccharide having its highest chirality center same as that of D (or +)−Glyceraldhyde is designated as D−Sugar, conversely, if the same monosaccharide has its highest chirality center same as that of L (or −)−Glyceraldhyde, it is designated as L−Sugar.

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Treatment with sodium borohydride converts aldose A to an optically inactive alditol. Wohl degradation of A forms B, whose alditol is optically inactive. Wohl degradation of B forms d-glyceraldehyde. Identify A and B.

Which D-aldopentose is oxidized to an optically active aldaric acid and undergoes the Wohl degradation to yield a D-aldotetrose that is oxidized to an optically active aldaric acid?

Aldohexoses A and B both undergo Ruff degradation to give aldopentose C. On treatment with warm nitric acid, aldopentose C gives an optically active aldaric acid. B alsoreacts with warm nitric acid to give an optically active aldaric acid, but A reacts to givean optically inactive aldaric acid. Aldopentose C is degraded to aldotetrose D, whichgives optically active tartaric acid when it is treated with nitric acid. Aldotetrose D isdegraded to (+)@glyceraldehyde. Deduce the structures of sugars A, B, C, and D, and useFigure 23-3 to determine the correct names of these sugars.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 22, Problem 2PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The three-dimensional formula for isomer of aldotetrose and ketopentose is to be written and each isomer as D or L sugar is to be designated.

Concept introduction:

Monosaccharides containing 3-carbon atoms are called triose, 4-carbon atoms are called tetrose, 5-carbon atoms are called pentose, and so on.

In chiral molecules, carbon atom having four non-identical substituent groups is called the chirality center of that molecule. Chirality center may also be called stereocenter, which signifies any point in the molecule where the interchanging of any two groups may lead to stereoisomers.

Monosaccharide having its highest chirality center same as that of D (or +)−Glyceraldhyde is designated as D−Sugar, conversely, if the same monosaccharide has its highest chirality center same as that of L (or −)−Glyceraldhyde, it is designated as L−Sugar.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 22, Problem 2PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The three-dimensional formula for isomer of aldotetrose and ketopentose is to be written and each isomer as D or L sugar is to be designated.

Concept introduction:

Monosaccharides containing 3-carbon atoms are called triose, 4-carbon atoms are called tetrose, 5-carbon atoms are called pentose, and so on.

In chiral molecules, carbon atom having four non-identical substituent groups is called the chirality center of that molecule. Chirality center may also be called stereocenter, which signifies any point in the molecule where the interchanging of any two groups may lead to stereoisomers.

Monosaccharide having its highest chirality center same as that of D (or +)−Glyceraldhyde is designated as D−Sugar, conversely, if the same monosaccharide has its highest chirality center same as that of L (or −)−Glyceraldhyde, it is designated as L−Sugar.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 22, Problem 2PP

Interpretation Introduction