Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321948915
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 25, Problem 2PDQ
CONCEPT QUESTION Read the Chapter Concepts list on page 621. All these pertain to the principles of population genetics and the evolution of species. Write a short essay describing the roles of mutation, migration, and selection in bringing about
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
n class we investigated the reason cystic fibrosis is maintained in the human population in higher frequency than we expected given the deleterious effects of being homozygous at the CFTR gene. We calculated the actual mutation rate of the CFTR gene to be 6.7 x 10-7. The mutation rate expected under mutation-selection balance was 4 x 10-4. What is the most plausible explanation as to why cystic fibrosis is maintained in the human population at a higher frequency than we expect?
a.
Negative selection against the CFTR deleterious alleles is too weak to eliminate the alleles from the human population.
b.
Positive selection for the CFTR deleterious alleles is likely occurring in response to some other selective pressure in the human population, possibly resistance to typhoid fever.
c.
The CFTR gene has an exceedingly low mutation rate causing humans to have no genetic variation at that gene.
d.
The CFTR gene has an exceedingly high mutation rate and that is…
In sexually reproducing species, each individual begins life with DNA inherited from both parent organisms. , Apply this idea to what occurs when organisms of two species that have homologous chromosomes mate and produce ( F1 ) hybrid offspring. What percentage of the DNA in the F1 hybrids' chromosomes comes from each parent species? As the hybrids mate and produce F2 and later-generation hybrid offspring, describe how recombination and natural selection may affect whether the DNA in hybrid chromosomes is derived from one parent species or the other.
Figure is attached
Please consider sexual selection operating on red-collared widowbirds assess the lowercase-Roman-numeral-labelled statements that appear immediately below; and click the uppercase-letter-labelled response that is presented below and conveys the most accurate information.
i. The specimen depicted at the top in the figure represents the group in which individuals were manipulated experimentally, trimmed so that tail lengths were shortened substantially.ii. The specimen depicted at the bottom in the figure represents the group in which individuals were unmanipulated, left untrimmed.iii. Individuals in the group represented by the specimen at the bottom fared better in condition (measured as body mass relative to length) terms than did individuals in the group represented by the specimen at the top.
iv. Individuals in the group represented by the specimen at the bottom spent more time flying and displaying to potential mates than did individuals in the group represented…
Chapter 25 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
Ch. 25 - Prob. 1NSTCh. 25 - Prob. 2NSTCh. 25 - If the albino phenotype occurs in 1/10,000...Ch. 25 - A prospective groom, who is unaffected, has a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 1CSCh. 25 - Prob. 2CSCh. 25 - Prob. 3CSCh. 25 - HOW DO WE KNOW? Population geneticists study...Ch. 25 - CONCEPT QUESTION Read the Chapter Concepts list on...Ch. 25 - Price et al. [(1999).J. Bacteriol181:2358-2362)...
Ch. 25 - The genetic difference between two Drosophila...Ch. 25 - The use of nucleotide sequence data to measure...Ch. 25 - The ability to taste the compound PTC is...Ch. 25 - Prob. 7PDQCh. 25 - What must be assumed in order to validate the...Ch. 25 - In a population where only the total number of...Ch. 25 - Determine whether the following two sets of data...Ch. 25 - If 4 percent of a population in equilibrium...Ch. 25 - Consider a population in which the frequency of...Ch. 25 - If the initial allele frequencies are p = 0.5 and...Ch. 25 - Under what circumstances might a lethal dominant...Ch. 25 - Assume that a recessive autosomal disorder occurs...Ch. 25 - One of the first Mendelian traits identified in...Ch. 25 - Describe how populations with substantial genetic...Ch. 25 - Achondroplasia is a dominant trait that causes a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 25 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 25 - A botanist studying water lilies in an isolated...Ch. 25 - A farmer plants transgenic Bt corn that is...Ch. 25 - In an isolated population of 50 desert bighorn...Ch. 25 - To increase genetic diversity in the bighorn sheep...Ch. 25 - What genetic changes take place during speciation?Ch. 25 - Some critics have warned that the use of gene...Ch. 25 - A form of dwarfism known as Ellisvan Creveld...Ch. 25 - Prob. 28ESPCh. 25 - What are the two groups of reproductive isolating...Ch. 25 - The original source of new alleles, upon which...Ch. 25 - A number of comparisons of nucleotide sequences...Ch. 25 - Shown below are two homologous lengths of the...Ch. 25 - Recent reconstructions of evolutionary history are...Ch. 25 - Prob. 34ESP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Discuss the significance of the HardyWeinberg principle as it relates to evolution and list the five conditions required for genetic equilibrium.arrow_forwardSaola Pseudoryx nghetinhensis (Species) Discuss how you will manage new founders of the saola Pseudoryx nghetinhensis? Discuss whether you should create artificial emigration and immigration for different facilities. Discuss how you will deal with Individuals with unknown ancestry of Pseudoryx nghetinhensis? Discuss what molecular techniques you will employ to monitor the genetic diversity of your population and any new founders of Pseudoryx nghetinhensis?arrow_forwardGenetic drift is often described as a “chance event.” Give other examples of chance events that could cause a genetic bottleneck.arrow_forward
- An hypothesis for the extinction of the dinosaurs is that the earth had been hit by a gigantic meteor that caused the death of those big reptiles. In that case the entire genetic pool of those animals has been destroyed, invalidating the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In Genetics what is this type of gene frequency change called?arrow_forwardFor each pair of individuals listed in the left column, select the description which best details the pair's contribution to genetics. 1. one gene - one enzyme hypothesis Beadle and Tatum 2. formula for the chance distribution of genotypes in natural populations Hardy and Weinberg 3. bacterial operons Jacob and Monod 4. phenomenon of sex linkagearrow_forwardImagine that researchers are studying 2 populations of a hypothetical flowering plant, Darwinius beardii. Individual plants of population "A" grow to an average height of 25 cm, while those of population "B" average 40 cm. The flowers of population "A" are light purple and open in mid-April, while those of population "B" are dark purple with white spots and open in early May. These 2 populations are geographically separated by a large river, and geological and molecular genetic evidence suggests that they have been separated for at least 10 million years, during which time evolutionary divergence has occured. Yet, when individuals from each population are brought into the lab, they readily mate with individuals of the other population. Under which species concept(s) would the plants of the 2 populations be considered the SAME species? O A. Biological species concept O B. Phenetic species concept O C. Phylogenetic species concept O D. both the Phenetic and Phylogenetic species conceptsarrow_forward
- Discuss the following questions: 1. Do chromosome structure different in humans and their closest relative among the apes. 2.How can natural selection promote reproductive isolation in allopatric populationsarrow_forwardImagine a locus with two alleles. Mutation at this locus changes one allele to the other (i.e. it does not create a new allele). If the rate of mutation from allele 1 to allele 2 is 0.00005 and the rate of mutation from allele 2 to allele 1 is 0.01, what is the equilibrium frequency of allele 2 (Give your answer to 5 decimal places)?arrow_forwardEvolution is driven by both nonrandom and random mechanisms. Identify the mechanisms of evolution that are random and comment on how they affect allele frequencies across generations.arrow_forward
- Indicate the order in which the following steps would take place to result in Parapatric Speciation [enter 1 for the first step, 2 for the second, etc; write only the number -- no words, no spaces] Something happens so that the environment is different in one part of the range relative to the other, even though the populations are still contiguous. As they adapt to their specific environments, the fitness of any hybrid formed is reduced. The populations adapt to their environment in the part of the range where they live. Interbreeding populations connected via gene flow occur across a range. Reproductive isolating mechanisms are selected for so that less fit hybrids are not formed. Two species now exist.arrow_forwardThe Chatham Islands are about 850 kilometers off the coast of New Zealand. One species of bird living on the islands, the black robin (Petroica traversi), in 1980 there were only 5 individuals left. Currently, there are already 200 black robins living there: all from a single pair. Using the "fingerprint" method of blood cell DNA, it was proved that all the robins of this species are genetically identical according to the studied gene sequences. They thrive here today. Even 70 percent young survive. And on the continent, only 42% of young Petroica australis survive.. a) i) What can you say about the taxonomic links between the Chatam Islands and the mainland robins in terms of the scientific names of these birds? ii) What could have ever influenced the separation of the two robin populations?arrow_forwardIn class we investigated the reason cystic fibrosis is maintained in the human population in higher frequency than we expected given the deleterious effects of being homozygous at the CFTR gene. We calculated the actual mutation rate of the CFTR gene to be 6.7 x 10-7. The mutation rate expected under mutation-selection balance was 4 x 10-4. What is the most plausible explanation as to why cystic fibrosis is maintained in the human population at a higher frequency than we expect? a. Negative selection against the CFTR deleterious alleles is too weak to eliminate the alleles from the human population. b. Positive selection for the CFTR deleterious alleles is likely occurring in response to some other selective pressure in the human population, possibly resistance to typhoid fever. c. The CFTR gene has an exceedingly low mutation rate causing humans to have no genetic variation at that gene. d. The CFTR gene has an exceedingly high mutation rate and that is…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Animal Adaptations for Kids, Learn about physical, life cycle, and behavioral adaptations of animals; Author: Learn Bright;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2MibjJgyjs;License: Standard youtube license