Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305886865
Author: Sizer, Frances , WHITNEY, Ellie
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 7SC
Summary Introduction
Concept Introduction:
The body constantly needs blood glucose which is maintained in a very narrow range. This is accompanied by insulin and glucagon known as pancreatic endocrine hormones.
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Which of the following statements about gluconeogenesis is TRUE?
Gluconeogenesis is one way to maintain blood glucose levels between meals.
Gluconeogenesis converts fatty acids into glucose.
Gluconeogenesis is activated by the hormone insulin.
Gluconeogenesis reduces blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal.
What of the following chemicals is released by the pancreas gland when blood
glucose levels are increasing above anormal level?
O insulin
O glucagon
O bile
O glycogen
The fed state of metabolism involves:
Increased insulin secretion
Generation of ketones
O Formation of glycogen
Decreased lipogenesis
Chapter 4 Solutions
Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies
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- When you are fed, your pancreas releases short- and long-term storage for later use. Glucagon Glucose Insulin Leptin Glycogen to store energy inarrow_forwardHow do glucagon and epinephrine affect glycogen in the liver? They increase both glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis. They increase both glycogen breakdown and glycolysis. They increase glycolysis to breakdown glucose. They increase glycogenin synthesis.arrow_forwardA patient with pancreatic cancer has increased glucagon secretion. Which of the following would you expect this to cause? 1) decreased glycolysis 2) increased glycogen storage 3) decreased insulin secretion 4) increased blood glucosearrow_forward
- The pancreas produces tiny amounts of insulin 24 hours a day. This small amount of insulin keeps glucose levels stable between meals and during sleep. This tiny continuous production of insulin is called:a) Basal insulinb) Bolus insulinarrow_forwardThe pancreas is an organ of mixed secretion. Endocrinely, beta-cells produce the hormone insulin, which affects carbohydrate metabolism. How it affects the blood glucose level. Describe the mechanism of actionarrow_forwardAn individual has a genetic deficiency that prevents the production of glucokinase. Following a carbohydrate meal, do you expect blood glucose levels to be high, low, or about normal? What organ accumulates glycogen under these circumstances?arrow_forward
- Leptin inhibits and ghrelin stimulates appetite. Is true or falsearrow_forwardDescribe the function of the insulin molecule in the body.arrow_forwardMrs. Salma, a 55-year-old diabetic patient, experiences slow wound healing and peripheral neuropathy. Investigation reveals alterations in the Pentose Phosphate Pathway. How might dysregulation in the PPP contribute to complications such as slow wound healing and peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients? Impaired nucleotide synthesis. Elevated insulin sensitivity. Lactic acid accumulation. Reduced oxidative stress.arrow_forward
- Metabolic ketoacidosis is a common problem with diabetics, which is caused by which of the following? Excessive oxidation of fatty acids, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood. Excessive oxidation of glucose, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood. Excessive oxidation of proteins, leading to an accumulation of ammonia in the blood. Hyperglycemia.arrow_forwardIts principal function is to increase the concentration of glucose in the blood by speeding the glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver.arrow_forwardis secreted in response to low blood sugar levels O oxytocin O Blycogen O insulin O glucagonarrow_forward
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