Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305886865
Author: Sizer, Frances , WHITNEY, Ellie
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 18SC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
All living organisms need the energy to sustain and reproduce. This energy comes from the food we consume. Calorie is the unit to measure the amount of the energy one gets from the food. Sugar is a source of calorie which can easily be metabolized by the body to convert into energy. Taking excess added sugar can also alters the normal functioning.
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When added sugar is consumed in excess of calorie needs
1.
it suppresses the insulin response
2.
its metabolism in the body lessens the risk of chronic disease
3.
It provides more calories per gram than fat and is more fattening
4.
It contribute to inflammation in the blood vessel lining
Alpha cells in the pancreas secrete
in response to
blood sugar levels, which is defined as
and likely happens after we are
Beta cells in the pancreas secrete
in response to
blood sugar levels, which is defined as
and likely happens after we are
Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Eating
Insulin
Exercising/Fasting
Low
Glucagon
High
Having low blood sugar levels, or hypoglycemia, can be made even worse because
Finding food when you’re a low energy state will be difficult
Your brain will selfishly create more glucose transporters to hoard the remaining glucose in your brain
Nausea as a result of hypoglycemia will make it difficult to eat
A person with diabetes will overproduce insulin as a result
Chapter 4 Solutions
Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies
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- _________lowers blood sugar levels; ____________ raises the level of blood sugar. a. Glucagon; insulin b. Insulin; glucagon c. Gastrin; insulin d. Gastrin; glucagonarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is not true? a. Essential nutrients can be synthesized by the body. b. Vitamins are required in small quantities for bodily function. c. Some amino acids can be synthesized by the body, while others need to be obtained from diet. d. Vitamins come in two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble.arrow_forwardAn effective way to prevent the development of irreversible brain damage through malnutrition is to make certain that children consume enough cobalt iodine iron calcium phosphorusarrow_forward
- Which of the following is a hormone which causes an increase in blood-glucose concentration? pancreas glycogen insulin glucagonarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning insulin is NOT true? O a. Insulin can increase glycogen synthesis. O b. C. O d. e. It is secreted by the beta cell of pancreas. The presence of insulin can increase glucose uptake. Glucose in blood can up-regulate its secretion. Insulin can increase gluconeogenesis.arrow_forwardA completely, 100%, fat and cholesterol free diet would be the healthiest. True Falsearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the ketone bodies is/are TRUE? Produced during starvation and in diabetic patients Excess is transformed to acetone or hydroxybutyrate. Extreme amount of ketone bodies may cause ketosis in diabetics. Occurs during a high-lipid and low-protein diet.arrow_forwardLactose intolerance Eat soy milk with wheat flakes. Eat All-Bran cereal, berries, and Weight gain milk. Eating a significant amount of carbohydrate will cause this condition to subside quickly. Ketosis This medical condition requires medication and cannot be treated by diet alone. Liver breaks down glycogen and releases it into blood This is a normal daily metabolic process; no treatment needed beyond regular dietary patterns. Constipation Balance total kilocalories with hunger cues and energy expenditure. Dental cavities Type I Diabetes Brush and floss teeth after meals.arrow_forwardWhich weight loss suggestion will lead to an increased need for gluconeogenesis? Atkins Diet Exercise High fiber diet Herbal treatmentsarrow_forward
- In order to use lipids to produce ATP the first step is beta oxidation of fatty acids which occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell TRUE or FALSE If glucose stores are getting low, non-carbohydrate molecules such as lipids and proteins will be used to make ATP. This is referred to as glucose sparing TRUE or FALSE Our dietary source of carbohydrates comes predominantly from plants. TRUE or FALSE Essential nutrients can be produced in the liver by the interconversion of different macromolecules in the liver. TRUE or FALSE The major lipid in the american diet is triglycerides. TRUE or FALSE All proteins from animal products are complete proteins. TRUE or FALSEarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about glucose regulation is FALSE? *Glucagon is released by the alpha cells when blood glucose levels are low.Insulin is released by the beta cells when blood glucose levels are high.Glucagon stimulates the formation of glycogen in the liver.Individuals with Type II diabetes produce insulin, but the insulin receptors don’t work.Insulin makes body cells more permeable to glucose.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true for dietary fiber? dietary fiber is nondigestible carbohydrates and lignin that are intrinsic and intact in plants dietary fiber is not digested by our body’s enzymes in the large intestine consuming a diet high in insoluble fiber can help lower blood cholesterol levels including soluble fiber in a meal helps prevent sharp sugar spikes, making for a more gradual rise in blood glucosearrow_forward
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