Chapter 10.5, Problem 9E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reason behind slight amount of $\text{2-chlorohexane}$ by-product formed when phase transfer catalyst such as methyltrioctylammonium chloride is added should be given.

Concept introduction:Certain compounds facilitate the transfer of reagents within immiscible layers via formation of ion pairs so as dissolve the polar parts of reagents and transfer them. These are called phase-transfer catalysts. This type of catalysis is known as heterogeneous catalysis.

When the reaction mixture of electrophilic addition such as $\text{HBr}$ and $1\text{-hexene}$ is stirred in presence of phase transfer catalyst tetra-butyl ammonium bromide separation of the organic layer from aqueous layer occurs.

In order to get efficient partition between reagents and reactants in the two phases, reaction mixture is further stirred so as to increase the surface area at the interface. The agitation of mixture with phase transfer catalyst facilities more emulsification and thus accelerates the reaction.