Managerial Accounting: The Cornerstone of Business Decision-Making
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781337115773
Author: Maryanne M. Mowen, Don R. Hansen, Dan L. Heitger
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
thumb_up100%
Chapter 13, Problem 56P
In 20X1, Don Blackburn, president of Price Electronics, received a report indicating that quality costs were 31% of sales. Faced with increasing pressures from imported goods. Don resolved to take measures to improve the overall quality of the company’s products. After hiring a consultant in 20X1, the company began an aggressive program of total quality control. At the end of 20X5, Don requested an analysis of the progress the company had made in reducing and controlling quality costs. The accounting department assembled the following data:
Required:
- 1. Compute the quality costs as a percentage of sales by category and in total for each year.
- 2. Prepare a multiple-year trend graph for quality costs, both by total costs and by category. Using the graph, assess the progress made in reducing and controlling quality costs. Does the graph provide evidence that quality has improved? Explain.
- 3. Using the 20X1 quality cost relationships (assume all costs are variable), calculate the quality costs that would have prevailed in 20X4. By how much did profits increase in 20X4 because of the quality improvement program? Repeat for 20X5.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Danna Lummus, the president of Karlene Company, has recently returned from a conference on quality and productivity. At the conference, she learned that many American firms have made significant progress in improving quality and reducing quality costs. Many of these firms have been able to reduce quality costs from 20 to 30 percent of sales to 2 to 3 percent of sales. She was skeptical, however, about this statistic. Even if the quality gurus were right, she was sure that her company’s quality costs were much lower—probably less than 5 percent. On the other hand, if she was wrong, she would be passing up an opportunity to improve profits significantly and simultaneously strengthen her competitive position. In fact, she reflected on the com- ment of one of the quality experts: “Quality has become a condition of entrance to the market. If the product is not good, you will quickly go out of business.” The qual- ity issue was at least worth exploring. Moreover, she decided that it may be…
Dana Wise, president of Tidwell Company, recently returned from a conference on quality and productivity. At the conference, he was told that many firms have quality costs totaling 20 to 30% of sales. The quality experts at the conference convinced him that a company could increase its profitability by improving quality. However, he was of the opinion that the quality of Tidwell Company was much less than 20% - probably more in the 4 to 6% range. However, because the potential for increasing profits was so great if he was wrong, he decided to request a preliminry estimate of the total quality costs currently being incurred. He asked his controller for a summary of quality costs, with the costs classified into four categories: prevention, appraisal, internal failure, or external failure. He also wanted the costs expressed as a percentage of both sales and profits. The controller had his staff assemble the following information from the past year, 20x1:
a. Sales revenue,…
Stacy Cummins, the newly hired controller at Merced Home Products, Inc., was disturbed by what she haddiscovered about the standard costs at the Home Security Division. In looking over the past several yearsof quarterly income statements at the Home Security Division, she noticed that the first-quarter profits were always poor, the second-quarter profits were slightly better, the third- quarter profits were againslightly better, and the fourth quarter always ended with a spectacular performance in which the HomeSecurity Division managed to meet or exceed its target profit for the year. She also was concerned to findletters from the company’s external auditors to top management warning about an unusual use of standardcosts at the Home Security Division.When Ms. Cummins ran across these letters, she asked the assistant controller, Gary Farber, if he knewwhat was going on at the Home Security Division. Gary said that it was common knowledge in the companythat the vice president in charge…
Chapter 13 Solutions
Managerial Accounting: The Cornerstone of Business Decision-Making
Ch. 13 - Prob. 1DQCh. 13 - Prob. 2DQCh. 13 - Why should the incremental cost of a risk response...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4DQCh. 13 - Explain how performance measurement can help...Ch. 13 - Identify and discuss the four kinds of quality...Ch. 13 - Discuss the benefits of quality cost reports that...Ch. 13 - Prob. 8DQCh. 13 - Prob. 9DQCh. 13 - When will the average unit cost be used for value...
Ch. 13 - How do international issues affect the role of the...Ch. 13 - What it a foreign trade zone, and what advantages...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13DQCh. 13 - Prob. 14DQCh. 13 - Prob. 15DQCh. 13 - A fire insurance policy on a manufacturing plant...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 13 - Which of the following risk response items would...Ch. 13 - Beginning with strategy, which of the following...Ch. 13 - In which areas of an organizations value chain can...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 13 - Which of the following items (correctly describes...Ch. 13 - Which of the following is a prevention cost? a....Ch. 13 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 12MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 13 - A manufacturing cell within a value stream has...Ch. 13 - Prob. 15MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 16MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 17MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 18MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 19MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 20BEACh. 13 - Quality Cost Report Whitley Company had total...Ch. 13 - Andresen Company had the following quality costs...Ch. 13 - Norris Company implemented a quality improvement...Ch. 13 - Mabbut Company has the following departmental...Ch. 13 - During the week of May 10, Hyrum Manufacturing...Ch. 13 - Prob. 26BEACh. 13 - Prob. 27BEBCh. 13 - Quality Cost Report Loring Company had total sales...Ch. 13 - Cassara, Inc., had the following quality costs for...Ch. 13 - Pintura Company implemented a quality improvement...Ch. 13 - Gumbrecht Company has the following departmental...Ch. 13 - During the week of August 21, Parley Manufacturing...Ch. 13 - Prob. 33BEBCh. 13 - Prob. 34ECh. 13 - Prob. 35ECh. 13 - Crazy Fan Guard Company provides security services...Ch. 13 - Jacks Apps Company researches, develops, and sells...Ch. 13 - Prob. 38ECh. 13 - Prob. 39ECh. 13 - Classify the following quality costs as prevention...Ch. 13 - Bradshaw Company reported sales of 5,000,000 in...Ch. 13 - The controller of Emery, Inc. has computed quality...Ch. 13 - Erba Inc. has the following departmental layout...Ch. 13 - A value stream has three activities and two...Ch. 13 - A Box Scorecard was prepared for a value stream:...Ch. 13 - Match each term in Column A with its related...Ch. 13 - Match each term in Column A with its related...Ch. 13 - Prob. 48ECh. 13 - Refer to Exercise 13-48. Suppose that Kamber is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 50ECh. 13 - Prob. 51PCh. 13 - Prob. 52PCh. 13 - Dorsey Scott MU Company manufactures and bottles a...Ch. 13 - Danna Wise, president of Tidwell Company, recently...Ch. 13 - Prob. 55PCh. 13 - In 20X1, Don Blackburn, president of Price...Ch. 13 - Brasher Company is transitioning to a lean...Ch. 13 - Merkley Company, a manufacturer of machine parts,...Ch. 13 - Paladin Company manufactures plain paper fax...Ch. 13 - Custom Shutters. Inc., manufactures plantation...Ch. 13 - Prob. 61PCh. 13 - Corporate sustainability reports vary greatly...Ch. 13 - Luna Company is a printing company and a...Ch. 13 - Lindell Manufacturing embarked on an ambitious...Ch. 13 - Paterson Company, a U.S.-based company,...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, accounting and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In 2011, Milton Thayne, president of Carbondale Electronics, received a report indicating that quality costs were 31 percent of sales. Faced with increasing pressures from imported goods, Milton resolved to take measures to improve the overall quality of the companys products. After hiring a consultant in 20x0, the company began an aggressive program of total quality control. At the end of 20x5, Milton requested an analysis of the progress the company had made in reducing and controlling quality costs. The Accounting Department assembled the following data: Required: 1. Compute the quality costs as a percentage of sales by category and in total for each year. 2. Prepare a multiple-year trend graph for quality costs, both by total costs and by category. Using the graph, assess the progress made in reducing and controlling quality costs. Does the graph provide evidence that quality has improved? Explain. 3. Using the 20x1 quality cost relationships (assume all costs are variable), calculate the quality costs that would have prevailed in 20x4. By how much did profits increase in 20x4 because of the quality improvement program? Repeat for 20x5.arrow_forwardRecently, Ulrich Company received a report from an external consulting group on its quality costs. The consultants reported that the companys quality costs total about 21 percent of its sales revenues. Somewhat shocked by the magnitude of the costs, Rob Rustin, president of Ulrich Company, decided to launch a major quality improvement program. For the coming year, management decided to reduce quality costs to 17 percent of sales revenues. Although the amount of reduction was ambitious, most company officials believed that the goal could be realized. To improve the monitoring of the quality improvement program, Rob directed Pamela Golding, the controller, to prepare monthly performance reports comparing budgeted and actual quality costs. Budgeted costs and sales for the first two months of the year are as follows: The following actual sales and actual quality costs were reported for January: Required: 1. Reorganize the monthly budgets so that quality costs are grouped in one of four categories: appraisal, prevention, internal failure, or external failure. (Essentially, prepare a budgeted cost of quality report.) Also, identify each cost as variable (V) or fixed (F). (Assume that no costs are mixed.) 2. Prepare a performance report for January that compares actual costs with budgeted costs. Comment on the companys progress in improving quality and reducing its quality costs.arrow_forwardIn 20x5, Major Company initiated a full-scale, quality improvement program. At the end of the year, Jack Aldredge, the president, noted with some satisfaction that the defects per unit of product had dropped significantly compared to the prior year. He was also pleased that relationships with suppliers had improved and defective materials had declined. The new quality training program was also well accepted by employees. Of most interest to the president, however, was the impact of the quality improvements on profitability. To help assess the dollar impact of the quality improvements, the actual sales and the actual quality costs for 20x4 and 20x5 are as follows by quality category: All prevention costs are fixed (by discretion). Assume all other quality costs are unit-level variable. Required: 1. Compute the relative distribution of quality costs for each year and prepare a pie chart. Do you believe that the company is moving in the right direction in terms of the balance among the quality cost categories? Explain. 2. Prepare a one-year trend performance report for 20x5 (compare the actual costs of 20x5 with those of 20x4, adjusted for differences in sales volume). How much have profits increased because of the quality improvements made by Major Company? 3. Estimate the additional improvement in profits if Major Company ultimately reduces its quality costs to 2.5 percent of sales revenues (assume sales of 10 million).arrow_forward
- Kathy Shorts, president of Oliver Company, was concerned with the trend in sales and profitability. The company had been losing customers at an alarming rate. Furthermore, the company was barely breaking even. Investigation revealed that poor quality was at the root of the problem. At the end of 20x5, Kathy decided to begin a quality improvement program. As a first step, she identified the following costs in the accounting records as quality related: Required: 1. Prepare a quality cost report by quality cost category. 2. Calculate the relative distribution percentages for each quality cost category. Comment on the distribution. 3. Using the Taguchi loss function, an average loss per unit is computed to be 15 per unit. What are the hidden costs of external failure? How does this affect the relative distribution? 4. Shortss quality manager decided not to bother with the hidden costs. What do you think was his reasoning? Any efforts to reduce measured external failure costs will also reduce the hidden costs. Do you agree or disagree? Explain.arrow_forwardAt the beginning of the last quarter of 20x1, Youngston, Inc., a consumer products firm, hired Maria Carrillo to take over one of its divisions. The division manufactured small home appliances and was struggling to survive in a very competitive market. Maria immediately requested a projected income statement for 20x1. In response, the controller provided the following statement: After some investigation, Maria soon realized that the products being produced had a serious problem with quality. She once again requested a special study by the controllers office to supply a report on the level of quality costs. By the middle of November, Maria received the following report from the controller: Maria was surprised at the level of quality costs. They represented 30 percent of sales, which was certainly excessive. She knew that the division had to produce high-quality products to survive. The number of defective units produced needed to be reduced dramatically. Thus, Maria decided to pursue a quality-driven turnaround strategy. Revenue growth and cost reduction could both be achieved if quality could be improved. By growing revenues and decreasing costs, profitability could be increased. After meeting with the managers of production, marketing, purchasing, and human resources, Maria made the following decisions, effective immediately (end of November 20x1): a. More will be invested in employee training. Workers will be trained to detect quality problems and empowered to make improvements. Workers will be allowed a bonus of 10 percent of any cost savings produced by their suggested improvements. b. Two design engineers will be hired immediately, with expectations of hiring one or two more within a year. These engineers will be in charge of redesigning processes and products with the objective of improving quality. They will also be given the responsibility of working with selected suppliers to help improve the quality of their products and processes. Design engineers were considered a strategic necessity. c. Implement a new process: evaluation and selection of suppliers. This new process has the objective of selecting a group of suppliers that are willing and capable of providing nondefective components. d. Effective immediately, the division will begin inspecting purchased components. According to production, many of the quality problems are caused by defective components purchased from outside suppliers. Incoming inspection is viewed as a transitional activity. Once the division has developed a group of suppliers capable of delivering nondefective components, this activity will be eliminated. e. Within three years, the goal is to produce products with a defect rate less than 0.10 percent. By reducing the defect rate to this level, marketing is confident that market share will increase by at least 50 percent (as a consequence of increased customer satisfaction). Products with better quality will help establish an improved product image and reputation, allowing the division to capture new customers and increase market share. f. Accounting will be given the charge to install a quality information reporting system. Daily reports on operational quality data (e.g., percentage of defective units), weekly updates of trend graphs (posted throughout the division), and quarterly cost reports are the types of information required. g. To help direct the improvements in quality activities, kaizen costing is to be implemented. For example, for the year 20x1, a kaizen standard of 6 percent of the selling price per unit was set for rework costs, a 25 percent reduction from the current actual cost. To ensure that the quality improvements were directed and translated into concrete financial outcomes, Maria also began to implement a Balanced Scorecard for the division. By the end of 20x2, progress was being made. Sales had increased to 26,000,000, and the kaizen improvements were meeting or beating expectations. For example, rework costs had dropped to 1,500,000. At the end of 20x3, two years after the turnaround quality strategy was implemented, Maria received the following quality cost report: Maria also received an income statement for 20x3: Maria was pleased with the outcomes. Revenues had grown, and costs had been reduced by at least as much as she had projected for the two-year period. Growth next year should be even greater as she was beginning to observe a favorable effect from the higher-quality products. Also, further quality cost reductions should materialize as incoming inspections were showing much higher-quality purchased components. Required: 1. Identify the strategic objectives, classified by the Balanced Scorecard perspective. Next, suggest measures for each objective. 2. Using the results from Requirement 1, describe Marias strategy using a series of if-then statements. Next, prepare a strategy map. 3. Explain how you would evaluate the success of the quality-driven turnaround strategy. What additional information would you like to have for this evaluation? 4. Explain why Maria felt that the Balanced Scorecard would increase the likelihood that the turnaround strategy would actually produce good financial outcomes. 5. Advise Maria on how to encourage her employees to align their actions and behavior with the turnaround strategy.arrow_forwardGagnon Company reported the following sales and quality costs for the past four years. Assume that all quality costs are variable and that all changes in the quality cost ratios are due to a quality improvement program. Required: 1. Compute the quality costs for all four years. By how much did net income increase from Year 1 to Year 2 because of quality improvements? From Year 2 to Year 3? From Year 3 to Year 4? 2. The management of Gagnon Company believes it is possible to reduce quality costs to 2.5 percent of sales. Assuming sales will continue at the Year 4 level, calculate the additional profit potential facing Gagnon. Is the expectation of improving quality and reducing costs to 2.5 percent of sales realistic? Explain. 3. Assume that Gagnon produces one type of product, which is sold on a bid basis. In Years 1 and 2, the average bid was 400. In Year 1, total variable costs were 250 per unit. In Year 3, competition forced the bid to drop to 380. Compute the total contribution margin in Year 3 assuming the same quality costs as in Year 1. Now, compute the total contribution margin in Year 3 using the actual quality costs for Year 3. What is the increase in profitability resulting from the quality improvements made from Year 1 to Year 3?arrow_forward
- Nabors Company had actual quality costs for the year ended June 30, 20x5, as given below. At the zero-defect state, Nabors expects to spend 375,000 on quality engineering, 75,000 on vendor certification, and 50,000 on packaging inspection. Assume sales to be 25,000,000. Required: 1. Prepare a long-range performance report for 20x5. What does this report tell the management of Nabors? 2. Explain why quality costs still are present for the zero-defect state. 3. What if Nabors achieves the zero-defect state reflected in the report? What are some of the implications of this achievement?arrow_forwardAt the end of 20x1, Mejorar Company implemented a low-cost strategy to improve its competitive position. Its objective was to become the low-cost producer in its industry. A Balanced Scorecard was developed to guide the company toward this objective. To lower costs, Mejorar undertook a number of improvement activities such as JIT production, total quality management, and activity-based management. Now, after two years of operation, the president of Mejorar wants some assessment of the achievements. To help provide this assessment, the following information on one product has been gathered: Required: 1. Compute the following measures for 20x1 and 20x3: a. Actual velocity and cycle time b. Percentage of total revenue from new customers (assume one unit per customer) c. Percentage of very satisfied customers (assume each customer purchases one unit) d. Market share e. Percentage change in actual product cost (for 20x3 only) f. Percentage change in days of inventory (for 20x3 only) g. Defective units as a percentage of total units produced h. Total hours of training i. Suggestions per production worker j. Total revenue k. Number of new customers 2. For the measures listed in Requirement 1, list likely strategic objectives, classified according to the four Balance Scorecard perspectives. Assume there is one measure per objective.arrow_forwardIn 20x4, Tru-Delite Frozen Desserts, Inc., instituted a quality improvement program. At the end of 20x5, the management of the corporation requested a report to show the amount saved by the measures taken during the year. The actual sales and quality costs for 20x4 and 20x5 are as follows: Tru-Delites management believes that quality costs can be reduced to 2.5 percent of sales within the next five years. At the end of 20x9, Tru-Delites sales are projected to grow to 750,000. The projected relative distribution of quality costs at the end of 20x9 is as follows: Required: 1. Profits increased by what amount due to quality improvements made in 20x5? 2. Prepare a long-range performance report that compares the quality costs incurred at the end of 20x5 with the quality cost structure expected at the end of 20x9. 3. Are the targeted costs in the year 20x9 all value-added costs? How would you interpret the variances if the targeted costs are value-added costs? 4. What would be the profit increase in 20x9 if the 2.5 percent performance standard is met in that year?arrow_forward
- Cassara, Inc., had the following quality costs for the years ended December 31, 20X1 and 20X2: At the end of 20X1, management decided to increase its investment in control costs by 40% for each categorys items, with the expectation that failure costs would decrease by 25% for each item of the failure categories. Sales were 12,000,000 for both 20X1 and 20X2. Required: 1. Calculate the budgeted costs for 20X2, and prepare an interim quality performance report. 2. Comment on the significance of the report. How much progress has Cassara made?arrow_forwardWayne Johnson, president of Banshee Company, recently returned from a conference on quality and productivity. At the conference, he was told that many American firms have quality costs totaling 20 to 30 percent of sales. He, however, was skeptical about this statistic. But even if the quality gurus were right, he was sure that his companys quality costs were much lowerprobably less than 5 percent. On the other hand, if he was wrong, he would be passing up an opportunity to improve profits significantly and simultaneously strengthen his competitive position. The possibility was at least worth exploring. He knew that his company produced most of the information needed for quality cost reportingbut there never was a need to bother with any formal quality data gathering and analysis. This conference, however, had convinced him that a firms profitability can increase significantly by improving qualityprovided the potential for improvement exists. Thus, before committing the company to a quality improvement program, Wayne requested a preliminary estimate of the total quality costs currently being incurred. He also indicated that the costs should be classified into four categories: prevention, appraisal, internal failure, or external failure. He has asked you to prepare a summary of quality costs and to compare the total costs to sales and profits. To assist you in this task, the following information has been prepared from the past year, 20x5: a. Sales revenue, 15,000,000; net income, 1,500,000. b. During the year, customers returned 90,000 units needing repair. Repair cost averages 1 per unit. c. Four inspectors are employed, each earning an annual salary of 60,000. These four inspectors are involved only with final inspection (product acceptance). d. Total scrap is 150,000 units. Of this total, 60 percent is quality related. The cost of scrap is about 5 per unit. e. Each year, approximately 450,000 units are rejected in final inspection. Of these units, 80 percent can be recovered through rework. The cost of rework is 0.75 per unit. f. A customer cancelled an order that would have increased profits by 150,000. The customers reason for cancellation was poor product performance. g. The company employs three full-time employees in its complaint department. Each earns 40,500 a year. h. The company gave sales allowances totaling 45,000 due to substandard products being sent to the customer. i. The company requires all new employees to take its three-hour quality training program. The estimated annual cost of the program is 30,000. Required: 1. Prepare a simple quality cost report classifying costs by category. 2. Compute the quality cost-to-sales ratio. Also, compare the total quality costs with total profits. Should Wayne be concerned with the level of quality costs? 3. Prepare a pie chart for the quality costs. Discuss the distribution of quality costs among the four categories. Are they properly distributed? Explain. 4. Discuss how the company can improve its overall quality and at the same time reduce total quality costs. 5. By how much will profits increase if quality costs are reduced to 2.5 percent of sales?arrow_forwardJavier Company has sales of 8 million and quality costs of 1,600,000. The company is embarking on a major quality improvement program. During the next three years, Javier intends to attack failure costs by increasing its appraisal and prevention costs. The right prevention activities will be selected, and appraisal costs will be reduced according to the results achieved. For the coming year, management is considering six specific activities: quality training, process control, product inspection, supplier evaluation, prototype testing, and redesign of two major products. To encourage managers to focus on reducing non-value-added quality costs and select the right activities, a bonus pool is established relating to reduction of quality costs. The bonus pool is equal to 10 percent of the total reduction in quality costs. Current quality costs and the costs of these six activities are given in the following table. Each activity is added sequentially so that its effect on the cost categories can be assessed. For example, after quality training is added, the control costs increase to 320,000, and the failure costs drop to 1,040,000. Even though the activities are presented sequentially, they are totally independent of each other. Thus, only beneficial activities need be selected. Required: 1. Identify the control activities that should be implemented, and calculate the total quality costs associated with this selection. Assume that an activity is selected only if it increases the bonus pool. 2. Given the activities selected in Requirement 1, calculate the following: a. The reduction in total quality costs b. The percentage distribution for control and failure costs c. The amount for this years bonus pool 3. Suppose that a quality engineer complained about the gainsharing incentive system. Basically, he argued that the bonus should be based only on reductions of failure and appraisal costs. In this way, investment in prevention activities would be encouraged, and eventually, failure and appraisal costs would be eliminated. After eliminating the non-value-added costs, focus could then be placed on the level of prevention costs. If this approach were adopted, what activities would be selected? Do you agree or disagree with this approach? Explain.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Managerial Accounting: The Cornerstone of Busines...AccountingISBN:9781337115773Author:Maryanne M. Mowen, Don R. Hansen, Dan L. HeitgerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Cornerstones of Cost Management (Cornerstones Ser...AccountingISBN:9781305970663Author:Don R. Hansen, Maryanne M. MowenPublisher:Cengage Learning
Managerial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781337912020Author:Carl Warren, Ph.d. Cma William B. TaylerPublisher:South-Western College Pub
Managerial Accounting: The Cornerstone of Busines...
Accounting
ISBN:9781337115773
Author:Maryanne M. Mowen, Don R. Hansen, Dan L. Heitger
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Cornerstones of Cost Management (Cornerstones Ser...
Accounting
ISBN:9781305970663
Author:Don R. Hansen, Maryanne M. Mowen
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Managerial Accounting
Accounting
ISBN:9781337912020
Author:Carl Warren, Ph.d. Cma William B. Tayler
Publisher:South-Western College Pub
Inspection and Quality control in Manufacturing. What is quality inspection?; Author: Educationleaves;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ey4MqC7Kp7g;License: Standard youtube license