(a) Interpretation: The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans. Concept introduction: Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Question

Linolenic acid and stearidonic acid are omega-3 fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids that contain the first double bond located at C3, when numbering begins at the methyl end of the chain. Predict how the melting point of stearidonic acid compares with the melting points of linolenic and stearic acids. A current avenue of research is examining the use of soybean oil enriched in stearidonic acid as a healthier alternative to vegetable oils that contain fewer degrees of unsaturation.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13.3, Problem 13.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of stereoisomer of A should be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether A is stereoisomer or constitutional isomer of linoleic acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

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Linolenic acid and stearidonic acid are omega-3 fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids that contain the first double bond located at C3, when numbering begins at the methyl end of the chain. Predict how the melting point of stearidonic acid compares with the melting points of linolenic and stearic acids. A current avenue of research is examining the use of soybean oil enriched in stearidonic acid as a healthier alternative to vegetable oils that contain fewer degrees of unsaturation.

Linolenic acid (Table 10.2) and stearidonic acid are omega-3 fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids that contain the first double bond located at C3, when numbering begins at the methyl end of the chain. Predict how the melting point of stearidonic acid compares with the melting points of linolenic and stearic acids. A current avenue of research is examining the use of soybean oil enriched in stearidonic acid as a healthier alternative to vegetable oils that contain fewer degrees of unsaturation.

As we saw in Section 4.15, oleic acid has one C=C double bond that is in the cis configuration. Elaidic acid is identical to oleic acid, but the C=C is in the trans configuration. Which fatty acid has the higher melting point? Explain.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13.3, Problem 13.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of stereoisomer of A should be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether A is stereoisomer or constitutional isomer of linoleic acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13.3, Problem 13.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of stereoisomer of A should be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether A is stereoisomer or constitutional isomer of linoleic acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13.3, Problem 13.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of stereoisomer of A should be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether A is stereoisomer or constitutional isomer of linoleic acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13.3, Problem 13.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of stereoisomer of A should be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether A is stereoisomer or constitutional isomer of linoleic acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Answer 6

Chapter 13.3, Problem 13.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Answer 7

Chapter 13.3, Problem 13.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of stereoisomer of A should be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of stereoisomer of A should be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether A is stereoisomer or constitutional isomer of linoleic acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether A is stereoisomer or constitutional isomer of linoleic acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 13.1 - Convert each condensed structure to a complete...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 13.1P Ch. 13.1 - Complete the structure of zingiberene, a component...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.2PP Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.3P Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.3PP Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.4PP Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 13.5PP Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 13.4P Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 13.6PP

Solution Summary: The author explains that the double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Chapter 13 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that the double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

(c) Interpretation: Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined. Concept introduction: The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Chapter 13 Solutions

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.