Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The
Concept introduction:
The hybridization of carbon atoms determines the number and nature of the
The
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY E-BOOK W/SMARTWORK5
- Consider any one of the four identical hybrid orbitals in the 109.5° set. a. What fraction of the clay in this hybrid orbital was originally red (carne from the 2s orbital)? b. What fraction of the clay in this hybrid orbital was originally green (carne from a 2porbital)? c. Explain the name “ s(1/4)p(3/4) hybrid orbital” for each of the four orbitals. d. In fact, each of the four hybrid orbitals in the 109.5° set is called an sp3 -hybrid orbital.Explain the name “ sp3 -hybrid orbital.”arrow_forwardThree of the four molecular orbitals for cyclobutadiene are pictured here. Place them in order of increasing energy. (See Figures 9.13, 9.15, 9.16, and 9.18 and the relation of orbital energy and nodes.)arrow_forwardWhich MOs are the HOMO and the LUMO in the ground state? for the MOs of 1,3,5-hexatrienearrow_forward
- Can anyone hand draw the complete MO diagram for [CoCl6]4- Please this is very urgent...arrow_forwardExplain the following: (a) The peroxide ion, O22 - , has a longerbond length than the superoxide ion, O2-. (b) The magneticproperties of B2 are consistent with the p2p MOs being lowerin energy than the s2p MO. (c) The O22 + ion has a strongerO—O bond than O2 itself.arrow_forwardDraw the M.O. diagram of NO+ . Indicate the HOMO, LUMO, and the expected bond order.arrow_forward
- 5-3. a. Draw out an empty generic (lollipop shaped) homonuclear diatomic MO diagram like the one used for O2, F2, and Nez. b. Fill this diagram with the appropriate number of valence electrons for [NO]¹ and use it to write out the MO electron configuration for [NO]¹-ion. c. What is the N-O bond order in [NO]¹? d. Will the N-O bond in [NO]¹ be longer or shorter than the N-O bond in the neutral NO molecule? e. How many unpaired electrons are present in [NO]¹? f. Will the unpaired electrons be more concentrated on N or O in [NO]? Explain.arrow_forward1. ionization of Cl2 (Cl2 —> Cl2+ + e-) leads to a shortening of the Cl-Cl distance (199 pm in Cl2, 189 pm in Cl2+), why? 2. why the C-O bond distance is nearly identical in CO (113 pm) and CO+ (112 pm)? 3. Derive the MO diagram of a linear C-H (i.e. one carbon atom bonded to one hydrogen atom). Draw out the MOs for orbitals containing electrons Would you expect C-H to behave as a carbocation, carbanion, or radical? Would removal of one electron from C-H to generate C-H+ increase or decrease the bond length between carbon and hydrogen?arrow_forwardLet us construct the molecular orbital diagram of ethylene (in pieces). a. First, construct the MO diagram of linear carbene (CH2). Draw pictures of all 6 orbitals b. Now bend the carbene to a bond angle of about 120°. How does this change your MO diagram? Draw pictures of all 6 orbitals. c. Now bring two of these carbene molecules together to make ethylene. Draw pictures of all 12 orbitals.arrow_forward
- 2) For each pair of molecules, generate the relevant MO diagram and predict which of the twowill have the highest bond order. (Be sure to include all valenceorbitals, and show the relative positions of the orbitals for each constituent atom.)a) HF vs HF-b) NP vs NP+c) CS vs CS+arrow_forwardDraw the molecular orbital diagram of a linear C-H (i.e. one carbon atom bonded to one hydrogen atom). Draw out the MOs for orbitals containing electrons. 1. Would you expect C-H to behave as a carbocation, carbanion, or radical? 2. Would removal of one electron from C-H to generate C-H+ increase or decrease the bond length between carbon and hydrogen?arrow_forwardThe most stable MO of 1,3,5-hexatriene and the most stable MO of benzene Which compound is more stable? Why?arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning