Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The
Concept introduction:
The hybridization of carbon atoms determines the number and nature of the
The
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY E-BOOK W/SMARTWORK5
- Three of the four molecular orbitals for cyclobutadiene are pictured here. Place them in order of increasing energy. (See Figures 9.13, 9.15, 9.16, and 9.18 and the relation of orbital energy and nodes.)arrow_forwardHow many anti-bonding pi-type molecular orbitals does 1,3-butadiene contain?arrow_forwardThe FEMO theory of conjugated molecules is crude and marginally better results are obtained with simple Huckel theory. (a) For a linear conjugated polyene with each of N carbon atoms contributing an electron in a 2porbital, the energies Ek of the resulting π molecular orbitals are given by: Ek = α + 2β cos kπ/N+1 k = 1,2,3, ... N Use this expression to estimate the resonance integral β for the series consisting of ethene, butadiene, hexatriene, and octatetraene given that ult raviolet absorptions from the HOMO, which is a bonding π orbital, to the LUMO, which is an antibonding π* orbital, occur at 61 500, 46 080, 39 750,and 32 900 cm- 1, respectively. (b) Calculate the π-electron delocalization energy, Edelcc = Eπ -n(α + β). of octatetraene, where Eπ, is the total π-electron binding energy and n is the total number of π-electrons.arrow_forward
- In the reaction of CN- + H + → HCN; 1) Which boundary orbitals are used? Draw a diagram and explain according to MOT. 2) Explain the orbital overlaps of the product according to VBT. 3) Determine the point group of the product.arrow_forwardWhich are bonding MOs, and which are antibonding MOs? for the MOs of 1,3,5-hexatrienearrow_forwardSketch the MO diagram for 1,3 butadienearrow_forward
- .For anion NO2-, (a) predict the stereochemistry. Justify your prediction with VSEPR theory and by formal charge; (b) indicate the hybridization appropriate to the stereochemistry; (c) describe the bond character of N-O for the resonance structure.arrow_forwardBecause the structure of a tetrahedrom molecule uses 3 dimensions, a tetrahedron has a bond angle of 109.5 instead of the expected 90 degrees. True or False?arrow_forwardHow many nodes are there in each of the MOs of 1,3-butadiene?arrow_forward
- 1. ionization of Cl2 (Cl2 —> Cl2+ + e-) leads to a shortening of the Cl-Cl distance (199 pm in Cl2, 189 pm in Cl2+), why? 2. why the C-O bond distance is nearly identical in CO (113 pm) and CO+ (112 pm)? 3. Derive the MO diagram of a linear C-H (i.e. one carbon atom bonded to one hydrogen atom). Draw out the MOs for orbitals containing electrons Would you expect C-H to behave as a carbocation, carbanion, or radical? Would removal of one electron from C-H to generate C-H+ increase or decrease the bond length between carbon and hydrogen?arrow_forwardLet us construct the molecular orbital diagram of ethylene (in pieces). a. First, construct the MO diagram of linear carbene (CH2). Draw pictures of all 6 orbitals b. Now bend the carbene to a bond angle of about 120°. How does this change your MO diagram? Draw pictures of all 6 orbitals. c. Now bring two of these carbene molecules together to make ethylene. Draw pictures of all 12 orbitals.arrow_forwardWhy is the bond order and magnetic of C2?arrow_forward
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