Concept explainers
Interpretation:
It is to be explained in what kind of orbital the lone pair of each nitrogen atom
Concept introduction:
A lone pair is an electron pair that is not a part of actual bonding; it is also called a non-bonding electron pair. The orbital that holds the lone pair can be determined by assigning the hybridization to the respective atom having a lone pair. The hybridization for the atom can be assigned based on its number of attachments, i.e., steric number. The hybridization defines the orbitals used by the atom in its attachments. While assigning the electron pair to the orbitals, first assign the
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY E-BOOK W/SMARTWORK5
- Following the instructions for drawing the energy levels of the molecular orbitals for the compounds shown in Figure 8.17, draw the energy levels of the molecular orbitals for the cycloheptatrienyl cation, the cycloheptatrienylanion, and the cyclopropenyl cation. For each compound, show the distribution of the p electrons. Which of the compounds are aromatic?arrow_forwardWhich of the molecules and ions given in Problem 21.15 are aromatic according to the Hckel criteria? Which, if planar, would be antiaromatic? 21.15 State the number of 2p orbital electrons in each molecule or ion.arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions for the aromatic compound. 1. is every compound cyclic? yes or no 2. is every compound conjugated? yes or no 3. is every atom with a p-orbital connected to atoms on both sides that have a p-orbital? yes or no 4. Are all p-orbitals in the same plane? yes or noarrow_forward
- 1. What is resonance theory? State five conclusionstgan can be drawn from the theory. 2.What factors confer aromaticity to an organic molecule. 3. What are the various ways by which alkenes can be synthesized. 4. State the two main experiment that were used to establish the extra stability of the benzene molecule.arrow_forward3) In the mid-1930s, the German theoretical chemist Erich Hückel developed a rule that dealt with the aromaticity of various compounds, which became known as the Hückel Rule. Which (parts) of the compounds listed below are aromatic? Justify your answer based on Hückel's rule. You can treat the rings separately or together as you wish.arrow_forwardWhy isn't this compound aromatic? Doesn't it fit the 4n+2 rule where there is 6 pi electrons? Or is it not planar, which is why it is not aromatic?arrow_forward
- Choose one answer for the following. Refer to the diagram below. 1. Hybridization of atom labelled A (sp, sp2, or sp3) 2. Hybridization of atom labelled B (sp, sp2, or sp3) 3. Hybridization of atom labelled C (sp, sp2, sp3) 4.Class compound for functional group D (phenols, aryl halide, alcohols, aromatics, or carboxylic acids) 5. Class compound for functional group E (phenols, aryl halide, alcohols, aromatics, or carboxylic acids)arrow_forwardAromatic compounds must have a p orbital on every atom in the ring. Define this ?arrow_forwardFor the aromatic compounds below, draw the p-orbitals for the compound.arrow_forward
- 1 i. What is Resonance Theory? Sate five conclusions that can be drawn from the theory. ii. State the two main experiments that were used to establish the extra stability of the benzene molecule. iii. What are the factors that confer Aromaticity to an organic molecule? iv. State the effects of substituents on a benzene derivative towards further aromatic substitution. V. Based on the above suggest the various types of substituents that can be attached to Benzene.arrow_forwardANSWER ALL QUESTIONS1 What is Resonance Theory? Sate five conclusions that can be drawn from the theory.2.State the two main experiments that were used to establish the extra stability of the benzene molecule.3.What are the factors that confer Aromaticity to an organic molecule?4.i. State the effects of substituents on a benzene derivative towards further aromatic substitution. ii.Based on the above suggest the various types of substituents that can be attached to Benzene.arrow_forwardMeta directors in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions have A) unpaired electrons in the atom attached to the ring B) partial or full positive charge on the atom attached to the ring C) highly electronegative atoms attached to the ring an so or sp2 hybridized atom attached to the ringarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning