Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The structure of aldehyde or ketone that is formed from the given alcohol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl compounds such as
(b)
Interpretation:
The structure of aldehyde or ketone that is formed from the given alcohol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones can be synthesized by oxidation or reduction reaction. When a primary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is carboxylic acid that is formed through the intermediate aldehyde. When mild oxidizing agent is used, aldehyde can be obtained as product from primary alcohol. When a secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is a ketone. This cannot be further oxidized. Tertiary alcohols do not undergo oxidation reaction. Some of the mild oxidizing agents used are
(c)
Interpretation:
The structure of aldehyde or ketone that is formed from the given alcohol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones can be synthesized by oxidation or reduction reaction. When a primary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is carboxylic acid that is formed through the intermediate aldehyde. When mild oxidizing agent is used, aldehyde can be obtained as product from primary alcohol. When a secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is a ketone. This cannot be further oxidized. Tertiary alcohols do not undergo oxidation reaction. Some of the mild oxidizing agents used are
(d)
Interpretation:
The structure of aldehyde or ketone that is formed from the given alcohol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones can be synthesized by oxidation or reduction reaction. When a primary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is carboxylic acid that is formed through the intermediate aldehyde. When mild oxidizing agent is used, aldehyde can be obtained as product from primary alcohol. When a secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is a ketone. This cannot be further oxidized. Tertiary alcohols do not undergo oxidation reaction. Some of the mild oxidizing agents used are
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EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Hydrolysis of an acetal in aqueous acid gives an aldehyde or a ketone and two molecules of alcohol or one molecule of a diol. Draw the structural formulas for the products of hydrolysis of the following acetals in aqueous acid.arrow_forwardClassify the following compounds as ketals, hemiketals, acetals, hemiacetals, or thioketals, as appropriatearrow_forwardWhich of the following alcohols is the MOST soluble in water? O 2-methyl-2-pentanol O 4-methyl-2-pentanol O 3-methyl-1-butanol O 2-methyl cyclohexanolarrow_forward
- Hydration of aldehydes and ketones can be catalyzed by acid or base. Bases catalyze hydration by: protonating the carbonyl oxygen making the carbonyl group more electrophilic employing hydroxide ion, which is a better nucleophile than water making the carbonyl group less electrophilic shifting the equilibrium position of the reaction to favor productsarrow_forwardIdentify the most important aldehyde and ketone from Section 14.4 on the basis of amount used, and list at least one characteristic for each that contributes to its usefulness.arrow_forwardList the following compounds in order of increasing water solubility: a.ethoxyethane b.propanoic acid c.pentane d.1 butanolarrow_forward
- 17-60 1-Propanol can be prepared by the reduction of an aldehyde, but it cannot be prepared by the acid catalyzed hydration of an alkene. Explain why it cannot be prepared from an alkene.arrow_forward16-19 2-Me thy 1 propane (bp -12°C), 2-propanol (bp 82°C), and 2-propanamine (bp 32°C) all have approximately the same molecular weight, yet their boiling points are quite different. Explain the reason for these differences.arrow_forwardAldehydes and ketones react with one molecule of an alcohol to form compounds called hemiacetals, in which there is one hydroxyl group and one ether-like group. Reaction of a hemiacetal with a second molecule of alcohol gives an acetal and a molecule of water. We study this reaction in Chapter 16. Draw structural formulas for the hemiacetal and acetal formed from these reagents. The stoichiometry of each reaction is given in the problem.arrow_forward
- Draw the product of the reaction between a ketone and an alcohol. Include all hydrogen atoms in the product. How would you classify the product of the reaction? Note that a hemiacetal formed from a ketone is also called a hemiketal; an acetal formed from a ketone is also called a ketal. The product is an alcohol. The product is a ketal The product is a ketone. The product is a hemiketal.arrow_forward9. Give the structures of the alcohol and the aldehyde or ketone needed to prepare each of the following. H+ 80 H* -애 OH H* Одн OH hemi H* H+ to H* HO hemiarrow_forwardIf the following structure undergoes oxidation reaction, which of the product(s) will form: ОН H2C–CH2-CH2 CH3 O A. Aldehydes only O B. This molecule cannot go through oxidation reaction. OC. Ketone O D. Aldehyde & Carboxylic acid O E. Ether and waterarrow_forward
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