(a) Interpretation: The name of the given compound is to be stated. Concept introduction: Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a − COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix − o i c a c i d or − i c a c i d . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below. • First, identify the longest carbon chain. • The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain. • Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain. • Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present. • Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

When a compound is named, the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 2

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as butane. It is disubstituted at C2 position. There are two methyl groups present at C2 position. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 3

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 4

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as decane. It is monosubstituted at C9 position. There is only one methyl group present at C9 position. Therefore the given compound is named as 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 5

Figure 5

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 6

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as cyclohexane. Cyclohexane is disubstituted at C3 and C4 position. There is one hydroxyl group and one ketone group is present at C3 and C4 position respectively. Therefore the given compound is named as 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 7

Figure 7

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 8

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as benzene. Benzene is disubstituted at C2 and C4 position. There are two chlorine groups is present at C2 and C4 position respectively. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 9

Figure 9

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 10

The numbering is started from the carboxyl group since the carboxyl group has higher priority over others. The parent chain is identified as propane. It contains two carboxyl groups named as a propanedioic acid. It is monosubstituted at C2 position. There is one methyl group is present at C2 position. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is cyclopropanoic acid..

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Figure 11

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 12

Figure 12

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as cyclopropane. Therefore the given compound is named as cyclopropanoic acid

Conclusion

The given compound is named as cyclopropanoic acid.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

When a compound is named, the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 2

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as butane. It is disubstituted at C2 position. There are two methyl groups present at C2 position. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 3

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 4

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as decane. It is monosubstituted at C9 position. There is only one methyl group present at C9 position. Therefore the given compound is named as 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 5

Figure 5

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 6

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as cyclohexane. Cyclohexane is disubstituted at C3 and C4 position. There is one hydroxyl group and one ketone group is present at C3 and C4 position respectively. Therefore the given compound is named as 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 7

Figure 7

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 8

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as benzene. Benzene is disubstituted at C2 and C4 position. There are two chlorine groups is present at C2 and C4 position respectively. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 9

Figure 9

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 10

The numbering is started from the carboxyl group since the carboxyl group has higher priority over others. The parent chain is identified as propane. It contains two carboxyl groups named as a propanedioic acid. It is monosubstituted at C2 position. There is one methyl group is present at C2 position. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is cyclopropanoic acid..

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Figure 11

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 12

Figure 12

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as cyclopropane. Therefore the given compound is named as cyclopropanoic acid

Conclusion

The given compound is named as cyclopropanoic acid.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

When a compound is named, the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 2

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as butane. It is disubstituted at C2 position. There are two methyl groups present at C2 position. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 3

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 4

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as decane. It is monosubstituted at C9 position. There is only one methyl group present at C9 position. Therefore the given compound is named as 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 5

Figure 5

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 6

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as cyclohexane. Cyclohexane is disubstituted at C3 and C4 position. There is one hydroxyl group and one ketone group is present at C3 and C4 position respectively. Therefore the given compound is named as 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 7

Figure 7

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 8

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as benzene. Benzene is disubstituted at C2 and C4 position. There are two chlorine groups is present at C2 and C4 position respectively. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 9

Figure 9

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 10

The numbering is started from the carboxyl group since the carboxyl group has higher priority over others. The parent chain is identified as propane. It contains two carboxyl groups named as a propanedioic acid. It is monosubstituted at C2 position. There is one methyl group is present at C2 position. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is cyclopropanoic acid..

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Figure 11

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 12

Figure 12

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as cyclopropane. Therefore the given compound is named as cyclopropanoic acid

Conclusion

The given compound is named as cyclopropanoic acid.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

When a compound is named, the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 2

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as butane. It is disubstituted at C2 position. There are two methyl groups present at C2 position. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 3

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 4

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as decane. It is monosubstituted at C9 position. There is only one methyl group present at C9 position. Therefore the given compound is named as 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 5

Figure 5

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 6

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as cyclohexane. Cyclohexane is disubstituted at C3 and C4 position. There is one hydroxyl group and one ketone group is present at C3 and C4 position respectively. Therefore the given compound is named as 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 7

Figure 7

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 8

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as benzene. Benzene is disubstituted at C2 and C4 position. There are two chlorine groups is present at C2 and C4 position respectively. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 9

Figure 9

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 10

The numbering is started from the carboxyl group since the carboxyl group has higher priority over others. The parent chain is identified as propane. It contains two carboxyl groups named as a propanedioic acid. It is monosubstituted at C2 position. There is one methyl group is present at C2 position. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is cyclopropanoic acid..

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Figure 11

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 12

Figure 12

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as cyclopropane. Therefore the given compound is named as cyclopropanoic acid

Conclusion

The given compound is named as cyclopropanoic acid.

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Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

When a compound is named, the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 2

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as butane. It is disubstituted at C2 position. There are two methyl groups present at C2 position. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 3

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 4

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as decane. It is monosubstituted at C9 position. There is only one methyl group present at C9 position. Therefore the given compound is named as 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 5

Figure 5

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 6

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as cyclohexane. Cyclohexane is disubstituted at C3 and C4 position. There is one hydroxyl group and one ketone group is present at C3 and C4 position respectively. Therefore the given compound is named as 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 7

Figure 7

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 8

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as benzene. Benzene is disubstituted at C2 and C4 position. There are two chlorine groups is present at C2 and C4 position respectively. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 9

Figure 9

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 10

The numbering is started from the carboxyl group since the carboxyl group has higher priority over others. The parent chain is identified as propane. It contains two carboxyl groups named as a propanedioic acid. It is monosubstituted at C2 position. There is one methyl group is present at C2 position. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is cyclopropanoic acid..

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Figure 11

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 12

Figure 12

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as cyclopropane. Therefore the given compound is named as cyclopropanoic acid

Conclusion

The given compound is named as cyclopropanoic acid.

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

When a compound is named, the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 2

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as butane. It is disubstituted at C2 position. There are two methyl groups present at C2 position. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

When a compound is named, the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 2

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as butane. It is disubstituted at C2 position. There are two methyl groups present at C2 position. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Answer 13

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2,2−dimethylbutanoic acid.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 3

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 4

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as decane. It is monosubstituted at C9 position. There is only one methyl group present at C9 position. Therefore the given compound is named as 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Expert Solution

Answer 20

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 3

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 4

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as decane. It is monosubstituted at C9 position. There is only one methyl group present at C9 position. Therefore the given compound is named as 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Answer 21

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 9−methyloctanoic acid.

Answer 22

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 5

Figure 5

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 6

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as cyclohexane. Cyclohexane is disubstituted at C3 and C4 position. There is one hydroxyl group and one ketone group is present at C3 and C4 position respectively. Therefore the given compound is named as 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Answer 23

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Expert Solution

Answer 27

Expert Solution

Answer 28

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 5

Figure 5

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 6

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as cyclohexane. Cyclohexane is disubstituted at C3 and C4 position. There is one hydroxyl group and one ketone group is present at C3 and C4 position respectively. Therefore the given compound is named as 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Answer 29

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 3−hydroxy−4−oxocyclohexanecarboxylicacid.

Answer 30

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 7

Figure 7

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 8

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as benzene. Benzene is disubstituted at C2 and C4 position. There are two chlorine groups is present at C2 and C4 position respectively. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid.

Answer 31

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid

Answer 33

Expert Solution

Answer 34

Expert Solution

Answer 35

Expert Solution

Answer 36

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 7

Figure 7

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 8

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as benzene. Benzene is disubstituted at C2 and C4 position. There are two chlorine groups is present at C2 and C4 position respectively. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid.

Answer 37

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2, 4−dichlorobenzoic acid.

Answer 38

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 9

Figure 9

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 10

The numbering is started from the carboxyl group since the carboxyl group has higher priority over others. The parent chain is identified as propane. It contains two carboxyl groups named as a propanedioic acid. It is monosubstituted at C2 position. There is one methyl group is present at C2 position. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Answer 39

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Answer 40

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Answer 41

Expert Solution

Answer 42

Expert Solution

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Answer 44

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 9

Figure 9

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 10

The numbering is started from the carboxyl group since the carboxyl group has higher priority over others. The parent chain is identified as propane. It contains two carboxyl groups named as a propanedioic acid. It is monosubstituted at C2 position. There is one methyl group is present at C2 position. Therefore, the given compound is named as 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Answer 45

Conclusion

The given compound is named as 2−methylpropanedioic acid.

Answer 46

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is cyclopropanoic acid..

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Figure 11

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 12

Figure 12

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as cyclopropane. Therefore the given compound is named as cyclopropanoic acid

Conclusion

The given compound is named as cyclopropanoic acid.

Answer 47

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid is a class of organic compound that contains a −COOH group attached with a hydrocarbon chain. They occur widely in nature that includes amino acid, acetic acid (vinegar) and so on. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid gives carboxylate anion which is mostly present in soaps. The name of these compounds ends with a suffix −oic acid or −ic acid . Rules for writing IUPAC name from the structural formula are given below.

• First, identify the longest carbon chain.

• The next step is to identify the groups attached to the longest chain.

• Identify the position, location, and a number of the substituents bonded to the carbon chain.

• Use prefix di, tri, tetra if the same type of substituents are present.

• Name the substituents in alphabetical order.

Answer 48

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 20.2P

The name of the given compound is cyclopropanoic acid..

Answer 49

Expert Solution

Answer 50

Expert Solution

Answer 51

Expert Solution

Answer 52

Explanation of Solution

The structure of the given compound is shown as below.

Figure 11

When a compound is named the first thing is to identify the longest parent chain. If the parent chain is substituted, then it is numbered in such a manner so that the substituent gets the lowest locant number. In the given case, the structure is numbered as shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 20, Problem 20.2P , additional homework tip 12

Figure 12

It contains a carboxyl group which is a higher priority functional group. The numbering is started from the carboxyl group. The parent chain is identified as cyclopropane. Therefore the given compound is named as cyclopropanoic acid