Concept explainers
( Appendices 6A and 6B) Inventory Costing Methods
Edwards Company began operations in February 2019. Edwards accounting records provide the following data for the remainder of 2019 for one of the items the company sells:
 Edwards uses a periodic inventory system. All purchases and sales were for cash.
Required:
1. Compute cost of goods sold and the cost of ending inventory using FIFO.
2. Compute cost of goods sold and the cost of ending inventory using LIFO.
3. Compute cost of goods sold and the cost of ending inventory using the average cost method. ( Note: Use four decimal places for per-unit calculations and round all other numbers to the nearest dollar.)
4. Prepare the
5. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Which method would result in the lowest amount paid for taxes?
6. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Refer to Problem 6-67B and compare your results. What are the differences? Be sure to explain why the differences occurred.
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Cornerstones of Financial Accounting
- The following data were extracted from the accounting records of Harkins Company for the year ended April 30, 2019: a. Prepare the cost of merchandise sold section of the income statement for the year ended April 30, 2019, using the periodic inventory system. b. Determine the gross profit to be reported on the income statement for the year ended April 30, 2019. c. Would gross profit be different if the perpetual inventory system was used instead of the periodic inventory system?arrow_forwardRefer to the information provided in RE8-4. If Paul Corporations inventory at January 1, 2019, had a cost and net realizable value of 300,000, prepare the journal entry to record the reductions to NRV for Paul Corporation assuming that Paul uses a periodic inventory system and the allowance method. Paul Corporation uses FIFO and reports the following inventory information: Assuming Paul uses a perpetual inventory system and the direct method, prepare the journal entry to record the write-down of inventory.arrow_forwardRefer to the information provided in RE8-4. If Paul Corporations inventory at January 1, 2019, had a cost and net realizable value of 300,000, prepare the journal entry to record the reductions to NRV for Paul Corporation assuming that Paul uses a periodic inventory system and the direct method. Paul Corporation uses FIFO and reports the following inventory information: Assuming Paul uses a perpetual inventory system and the direct method, prepare the journal entry to record the write-down of inventory.arrow_forward
- On December 31, 2019, the balances of the accounts appearing in the ledger of Wyman Company are as follows: Instructions 1. Does Wyman Company use a periodic or perpetual inventory system? Explain. 2. Prepare a multiple-step income statement for Wyman Company for the year ended December 31, 2019. The merchandise inventory as of December 31, 2019, was 305,000. The adjustment for estimated returns inventory for sales for the year ending December 31, 2019, was 30,000. 3. Prepare the closing entries for Wyman Company as of December 31, 2019. 4. What would the net income have been if the perpetual inventory system had been used?arrow_forwardOn June 30, 2019, the balances of the accounts appearing in the ledger of Simkins Company are as follows: Instructions 1. Does Simkins Company use a periodic or perpetual inventory system? Explain. 2. Prepare a multiple-step income statement for Simkins Company for the year ended June 30, 2019. The merchandise inventory as of June 30, 2019, was 508,000. The adjustment for estimated returns inventory for sales for the year ending December 31, 2019, was 33,000. 3. Prepare the closing entries for Simkins Company as of June 30, 2019. 4. What would the net income have been if the perpetual inventory system had been used?arrow_forwardWebster Company adopted do liar-value LIFO on January 1, 2019. Webster produces three products: X, Y, and Z. Websters beginning inventory consisted of the following: During 2019, Webster had the following purchases and sales: Required: 1. Compute the LIFO cost of the ending inventory assuming Webster uses a single inventory pool. Round cost index to 4 decimal places. 2. Compute the LIFO cost of the ending inventory assuming Webster uses three inventory pools. Round cost indexes to 4 decimal places.arrow_forward
- Grimstad Company uses FIFO for internal reporting purposes and LIFO for financial reporting and income tax purposes. At the end of 2019, the following information was obtained from the inventory records: Required: 1. Prepare the necessary adjusting journal entry assuming that Grimstad converts the accounts to LIFO at the end of 2019. 2. Indicate how Grimstad would disclose the inventory value on its comparative balance sheets prepared at the end of 2019. 3. Next Level By how much would Grimstads cost of goods sold differ in 2019 if it used FIFO for external reporting?arrow_forwardKoopman Company began operations on January 1, 2018, and uses they FIFO inventory method for financial reporting and the average cost inventory method for income taxes. At the beginning of 2020, Koopman decided to switch to the average cost inventory method for financial reporting. It had previously reported the following financial statement information for 2019: An analysis of the accounting records discloses the following cost of goods sold under the FIFO and average cost inventory methods: There are no indirect effects of the change in inventory method. Revenues for 2020 total 130,000; operating expenses for 2020 total 30,000. Koopman is subject to a 21% income tax rate in all years; it pays the income taxes payable of a current year in the first quarter of the next year. Koopman had 10,000 shares of common stock outstanding during all years; it paid dividends of 1 per share in 2020. At the end of 2020, Koopman had cash of 10,000, inventory of 24,000, other assets of 70,800, accounts payable of 4,500, and income taxes payable of 6,000. It desires to show financial statements for the current year and previous year in its 2020 annual report. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to reflect the change in methods at the beginning of 2020. Show supporting calculations. 2. Prepare the 2020 financial statements. Notes to the financial statements are not necessary. Show supporting calculations.arrow_forwardPalisade Creek Co. is a merchandising business that uses the perpetual inventory system. The account balances for Palisade Creek Co. as of May 1, 2019 (unless otherwise indicated), are as follows: During May, the last month of the fiscal year, the following transactions were completed: Instructions 1. Enter the balances of each of the accounts in the appropriate balance column of a four-column account. Write Balance in the item section and place a check mark () in the Posting Reference column. Journalize the transactions for May, starting on Page 20 of the journal. 2. Post the journal to the general ledger, extending the month-end balances to the appropriate balance columns after all posting is completed. In this problem, you are not required to update or post to the accounts receivable and accounts payable subsidiary ledgers. 3. Prepare an unadjusted trial balance. 4. At the end of May, the following adjustment data were assembled. Analyze and use these data to complete (5) and (6). 5. (Optional) Enter the unadjusted trial balance on a 10-column end-of-period spreadsheet (work sheet), and complete the spreadsheet. 6. Journalize and post the adjusting entries. Record the adjusting entries on Page 22 of the journal. 7. Prepare an adjusted trial balance. 8. Prepare an income statement, a statement of owners equity, and a balance sheet. 9. Prepare and post the closing entries. Record the closing entries on Page 23 of the journal. Indicate closed accounts by inserting a line in both Balance columns opposite the closing entry. Insert the new balance in the owners capital account. 10. Prepare a post-closing trial balance.arrow_forward
- The moving average inventory cost flow assumption is applicable to which of the following inventory systems? Questions M7-6 and M7-7 are based on the following data: City Stationers Inc. had 200 calculators on hand on January 1, 2019, costing 18 each. Purchases and sales of calculators during the month of January were as follows: City uses a periodic inventory system. According to a physical count, 150 calculators were on hand at January 31, 2019.arrow_forwardGoods in Transit Gravais Company made two purchases on December 29, 2019. One purchase for 3,000 was shipped FOB destination, and the second for 4,000 was shipped FOB shipping point. Neither purchase had been received nor paid for on December 31, 2019. Required: Which of these purchases, if either, does Gravais include in inventory on December 31, 2019? What is the cost?arrow_forwardFava Company began operations in 2018 and used the LIFO inventory method for both financial reporting and income taxes. At the beginning of 2019, the anticipated cost trends in the industry had changed, so that it adopted the FIFO method for both financial reporting and income taxes. Fava reported revenues of 300,000 and 270,000 in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Fava reported expenses (excluding income tax expense) of 125,000 and 120,000 in 2019 and 2018, which included cost of goods sold of 55,000 and 45,000, respectively. An analysis indicates that the FIFO cost of goods sold would have been lower by 8,000 in 2018. The tax rate is 21%. Fava has a simple capital structure with 15,000 shares of common stock outstanding during 2018 and 2019. It paid no dividends in either year. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to reflect the change. 2. At the end of 2019, prepare the comparative income statements for 2019 and 2018. Notes to the financial statements are not necessary. 3. At the end of 2019, prepare the comparative retained earnings statements for 2019 and 2018.arrow_forward
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