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Dry air is inhaled at a rate of lo liter/win through a trachea with a diameter of
normal body temperature of
(a) Assuming steady, fully developed flow in the trachea, estimate the
(b) Estimate the daily water loss (liter/day) associated with evaporation in the trachea.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
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- What is the Reynolds number of a fluid flowing in a tube with an inside diameter of 1 inches? The viscocity is 1.353 x 10^ -5 lb/ft-s and the mass flow rate is 79 lb/h.Correct Answer: 24,780.96 ± 1%arrow_forward6.64 Consider application of the naphthalene sublimation technique (Problem 6.63) to a gas turbine blade that is coated with naphthalene and has a surface area of A, = 0.05 m². Airflow V,T_ - Turbine blade with naphthalene coating A., T., P. (T₂) To determine the average convection heat transfer coef- ficient for a representative operating condition, an experiment is performed in which the coated blade is exposed for 30 min to atmospheric air at the desired velocity and a temperature of T = 27°C. During the experiment the surface temperature is T. = 27°C, and at its conclusion the mass of the blade is reduced by Am = 8 g. What is the average convection heat transfer coefficient associated with the operating condition?arrow_forwardAir at 0.8 atm enters at 18 C. Flows across bank of tubes 13 rows high and 7 rows deep at velocity of 9 m/s .The surfaces of tubes are maintained at 78 . The length of tubes is 1.2 m and the diameter of 1.5 cm .They are arranged in staggered manner so that the spacing in both the vertical and horizontal direction are 3cm and 2.25cm respectively. Calculate the total heat transfer and the exit air temperature.arrow_forward
- A thin liquid film of ammonia (NH3), which has formed on the inner surface of a tube of diame D= 10 mm and length L = 1 m, is removed by passing dry air through the tube at a flow rate m = 3 x 104 kg/s. The tube and the air are at 25°C. a) Calculate the velocity, the Reynolds number Rep and Sherwood's number Sc. b) What is the average mass transfer coefficient hm? (Hint: Use Table 14-13)arrow_forwardHow does an increase in gas temperature affect pressure drop in a haghouse, assuming the mass flow rate of particles and the molar flow rate of gas are constant?arrow_forward10A.5. Free convection velocity. (a) Verify the expression for the average velocity in the upward-moving stream in Eq. 10.9-16. (b) Evaluate 3 for the conditions given below. (c) What is the average velocity in the upward-moving stream in the system described in Fig. 10.9-1 for air flowing under these conditions? Pressure Temperature of the heated wall Temperature of the cooled wall Spacing between the walls Answer: 2.3 cm/s T3=0°F. Wall 1 atm 100°C 20°C 0.6 cm -T₂ = 61°F Surface temperatures -T₁ = 69°F of plastic panel Plastic panel has thermal conductivity k = 0.075 Btu/hr. ft. °F (average value between T₁ and T₂) -0.502" Fig. 10A.6. Determination of the thermal resistance of a wall. Problems 321arrow_forward
- 1. Experimental analysis was carried out about turbulent convective heat transfer in trapezoidal cross-sectioned duct.Average Nusselt numbers and Reynolds numbers were determined for each experiment and the following data set have beenobtained from this investigation. Find an engineering correlation between the average Nusselt number and Reynolds numberin the form ofNu = aRebarrow_forwardCalculate the time taken for a 7 um radius cloud droplet to grow via condensation into a 3500 um rain droplet. Assume a super-saturation of 1.55%, a water vapour density of 3 g m-3, and a water vapour diffusion coefficient in dry air of D=24 x10-6 m2 S -1 PLEASE SHOW CALCULATIONarrow_forwardCorsidera circular smoth pipeof inner diameter D;=0.015mwhose inner surface is covered with a layer of liquid as a result of condensation. In order to dry the inner surface of the pipe, air at 300K at 1 atmis forced to flow throughit with anaverage velocity of 1.2m/s. Using the analogy between heat and mass trarsfer, detemine the mass transfer coeffícient irside the pipe for fully developed flow. Note: Viscosity of the air for given conditions is given as 1.58 x 10°n?/s. Also, for a lamirar fully developed flow the N=Sh=3.66. Your solution must state governing equations and associated assumptions, illustration and step by step execution of the overall solutionarrow_forward
- In an absorption tower, ammonia is absorbed from air at atmospheric pressure by aceticacid. The flowrate of 2 kg/m2s in a test corresponds to a Reynolds number of 5100 andhence a friction factor R/ρu2 of 0.020. At the temperature of absorption the viscosity ofthe gas stream is 0.018 mNs/m2, the density is 1.154 kg/m3 and the diffusion coefficientof ammonia in air is 1.96 × 10−5 m2/s. Determine the mass transfer coefficient throughthe gas film in kg/m2s (kN/m2) Explain briefly .arrow_forward(iii). Aerated water flows through a cylindrical tube of inner radius 1 cm. The tube wall is porous and has a thickness 0.2 cm. The outer surface of the tube is in contact with pure solvent at a pressure lower than that inside the tube. The mass transfer rate of air per until length of the tube is 0.05 g/s. Estimate the mass transfer rate for a similar process in which the tube used is of the same material, porosity and inner diameter, but has a wall thickness of 0.4 cm. (iv). In an experiment, a naphthalene ball of radius 2 cm was found to dissolve into air in 10 days. Estimate the time required for a ball of radius 4 cm to dissolve under identical environmental conditions. (v). State whether the following assertion is true or false. Briefly justify your answer. "In a steady state diffusion process, mass flux is constant with respect to the distance from the source."arrow_forwardMerrill et al. (1965) in a series of classic experiments studied the flow of blood in capillary tubes of various diameters. The blood had a hematocrit of 39.3 and the temperature was 20°C. They measured the pressure drop as a function of the flow rate for five tube diameters ranging from 288 to 850 μm. When they expressed the measured pressure drops in terms of the wall shear stress, and the volumetric flow rates in terms of the reduced average velocity, all of the data for the various tube sizes formed, within the experimental accuracy, a single line as predicted by the Rabinowitsch equation expressed in terms of reduced average velocity. From their results they provide the following values of the Casson parameters at 20°C: τy = 0.0289 dynes cm−2 and s = 0.229 (dynes s cm−2)1/2. Using these values for τy and s, show that the equation below for reduced average velocity provides an excellent fit to their data summarized in the following table. (Wall shear stress) τw , dynes cm-2…arrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
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