In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to
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- 6.1 Determine the heat transfer coefficient at the stagnation point and the average value of the heat transfer coefficient for a single 5-cm-OD, 60-cm-long tube in cross-flow. The temperature of the tube surface is , the velocity of the fluid flowing perpendicular to the tube axis is 6 m/s, and the temperature of the fluid is . Consider the following fluids: (a) air, (b) hydrogen, and (c) water.arrow_forwardIn the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.21 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as p = 1000 kg/m³, cp = 4000 J/kg-K, µ = 2x 10-3 kg/s-m, k = 0.8 W/m-K, and Pr = 10. Determine the required heat flux, W/m2?. q = i W/m? Determine the surface temperature at the tube exit, in °C. i °Carrow_forwardIn the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.19 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as p = 1000 kg/m³, c, = 4000 J/kg-K, µ = 2x 10-3 kg/s-m, k = 0.8 W/m-K, and Pr = 10. Determine the required heat flux, W/m². W/m2 Determine the surface temperature at the tube exit, in °C. T = °C i S,0 Physical Properties Mathematical Functionsarrow_forward
- In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.17 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as p = 1000 kg/m³, cp = 4000 J/kg-K₁ μ = 2 x 10°³kg/s-m, k = 0.8 W/m-K, and Pr = 10. Determine the required heat flux, W/m²2. q" = i W/m² Determine the surface temperature at the tube exit, in °C. T₁,0 = i °C Physical Properties Mathematical Functionsarrow_forwardIn the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.15 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as p = 1000 kg/m³,cp = 4000 J/kg-K,₁ μ = 2 x 10³ kg/s-m, k = 0.8 W/m-K, and Pr = 10. Determine the required heat flux, W/m². q" = i W/m² Determine the surface temperature at the tube exit, in °C. Tsp = i °Carrow_forwardWater at 27°C flows with a mean velocity of 1 m/s through a 1 km-long pipe of 0.25 m inside diameter. Answer the following: a. Is the flow hydrodynamically fully developed? Support your answer with calculations. b. Is the flow thermally fully developed? Support your answer with calculations. c. What is the pressure drop over the pipe length, if the pipe surface is smooth? (Ans: 0.289 Bar) d. What is the pump power requirement, if the pipe surface is smooth? (Ans: 1.42 kW)arrow_forward
- Current Attempt in Progress Consider pressurized water, engine oil (unused), and Nak (22 %/78%) flowing in a 20-mm-diameter tube. (a) Determine the mean velocity, in m/s, the hydrodynamic entry length, in m, and the thermal entry length, in m, for each of the fluids when the fluid temperature is 366 K and the flow rate is 0.014 kg/s. (b) Determine the mass flow rate, in kg/s, the hydrodynamic entry length, in m, and the thermal entry length, in m, for water and engine oil at 300 and 400 K and a mean velocity of 0.018 m/s. Part A Your answer is incorrect. Determine the mean velocity, in m/s, the hydrodynamic entry length, in m, and the thermal entry length, in m, for each of the fluids when the fluid temperature is 366 K and the flow rate is 0.014 kg/s. Liquid water engine oil Nak (m/s) ! i XALA(M) xer (m) Attempts: unlimited Submit Answerarrow_forwardEthylene glycol flows at 0.02 kg/s through a 4-mm diameter, thin-walled tube. The tube is coiled and submerged in a well-stirred water bath maintained at 35°C. If the fluid enters the tube at 93°C, what heat rate and tube length are required for the fluid to leave at 41°C? Neglect heat transfer enhancement associated with the coiling. Draw temperature profile. Net fluld The Colled tubing Well- stirred water bath WWarrow_forward8.25 Engine oil flows at a rate of 1 kg/s through a 5-mm-diameter straight tube. The oil has an inlet temperature of 45°C and it is desired to heat the oil to a mean temperature of 80°C at the exit of the tube. The surface of the tube is maintained at 150°C. Determine the required length of the tube. Hint: Calculate the Reynolds numbers at the entrance and exit of the tube before proceeding with your analysis.arrow_forward
- A 10 m long thin-walled stainless steel tube of diameter 15 mm is used to sterilize pharmaceutical products by heating it from 25 °C to 85 °C. A uniform heat flux is maintained on the outer surface of the tube by an electric resistance heater wrapped around it. If the flow rate of the liquid is 0.15 m/s, find the required heat flux. Is the flow in the tube laminar or turbulent? Assuming the fluid exits the tube with a fully developed velocity and temperature profile, determine the tube surface temperature at the exit. Explain the reasoning for assuming that the flow is fully developed.arrow_forwardEngine oil flows at a rate of 0.95 kg/s through a tube of 119 mm inside diameter and is heated from 293 to 327 K by condensing steam at 373 K. For the described case answer the following:i. Identify the type of flow and explain briefly about the flow with suitable assumptions & sketches.ii. Determine the inside heat transfer coefficient and rate of heat transfer per meter length of pipe for the identified flow pattern.arrow_forwardan oil at average temperature of 100 F flows at 1.2 ft/s velocity 0.834in inside diameter horizontal tube. The tube is heated by uniform heat flux the average surface temperature is 120F. Determine the heat transfer coefficient, Then the rate of heat transfer per length of the heating tube. Please write assumptions and do a sketcharrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning