(a) Interpretation: Among acetaldehyde and propene, the one that has the higher boiling point is to be predicted. Concept introduction: The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles. The dipole moment is defined as the charge separation between two atoms in a covalent bond or between two ions in an ionic bond. It is used to determine the polarity of atoms or ions.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 8, Problem 8.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Among acetaldehyde and propene, the one that has the higher boiling point is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

The dipole moment is defined as the charge separation between two atoms in a covalent bond or between two ions in an ionic bond. It is used to determine the polarity of atoms or ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The location of the curve for aldehyde boiling points in the given Figure is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

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TRUE OR FALSE (a) Both ethylene and acetylene are planar molecules. (b) An alkene in which each carbon of the double bond has two different groups bonded to it will show cis-trans isomerism. (c) Cis-trans isomers have the same molecular formula but a different connectivity of their atoms. (d) Cis-2-butene and trans -2-butene can be interconverted by rotation about the carbon–carbon double bond. (e) Cis-trans isomerism is possible only among appropriately substituted alkenes. (f) Both 2-hexene and 3-hexene can exist as pairs of cis-trans isomers. (g) Cyclohexene can exist as a pair of cis-trans isomers. (h) 1-Chloropropene can exist as a pair of cis-trans isomers.

This question is about the chemistry of alkenes, which are unsaturated hydrocarbons. (a) State what is meant by the term unsaturated as applied to a hydrocarbon. (1) (b) An organic compound, X, is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with molecular formula CH₂. (i) Draw the displayed formulae and give the names of two molecules with molecular formula C₂H, which are E/Z isomers. (3) Isomer 1 Isomer 2 Name: Name:

Write structural formulas for compounds that meet the following descriptions:(a) An alkene, C6H12, that cannot have cis–trans isomersand whose longest chain is 5 carbons long(b) An alkene with a chemical formula of C10H12 that hascis–trans isomers and contains a benzene ring.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 8, Problem 8.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Among acetaldehyde and propene, the one that has the higher boiling point is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

The dipole moment is defined as the charge separation between two atoms in a covalent bond or between two ions in an ionic bond. It is used to determine the polarity of atoms or ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The location of the curve for aldehyde boiling points in the given Figure is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 8, Problem 8.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Among acetaldehyde and propene, the one that has the higher boiling point is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

The dipole moment is defined as the charge separation between two atoms in a covalent bond or between two ions in an ionic bond. It is used to determine the polarity of atoms or ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The location of the curve for aldehyde boiling points in the given Figure is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 8, Problem 8.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Among acetaldehyde and propene, the one that has the higher boiling point is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

The dipole moment is defined as the charge separation between two atoms in a covalent bond or between two ions in an ionic bond. It is used to determine the polarity of atoms or ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The location of the curve for aldehyde boiling points in the given Figure is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 8.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Among acetaldehyde and propene, the one that has the higher boiling point is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

The dipole moment is defined as the charge separation between two atoms in a covalent bond or between two ions in an ionic bond. It is used to determine the polarity of atoms or ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The location of the curve for aldehyde boiling points in the given Figure is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 8.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Among acetaldehyde and propene, the one that has the higher boiling point is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

The dipole moment is defined as the charge separation between two atoms in a covalent bond or between two ions in an ionic bond. It is used to determine the polarity of atoms or ions.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 8.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Among acetaldehyde and propene, the one that has the higher boiling point is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

The dipole moment is defined as the charge separation between two atoms in a covalent bond or between two ions in an ionic bond. It is used to determine the polarity of atoms or ions.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The location of the curve for aldehyde boiling points in the given Figure is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The location of the curve for aldehyde boiling points in the given Figure is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.1P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.2P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.3P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.4P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.5P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.6P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.7P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.8P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.9P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that acetaldehyde has the higher boiling point than propene due to higher interactions and polarity.

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