(a) Interpretation: The reason for disruption of lipid bilayer of cell membrane by ethanol and 1-propanol is to be explained. Concept Introduction: The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is made of both polar and non-polar part. The polar head contains ionic phosphate groups. The non-polar tail contains long chain hydrocarbons. The lipid bilayer is both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic in nature. The presence of long hydrocarbon chain does not allow any ionic group to cross the lipid bilayer.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.52AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reason for disruption of lipid bilayer of cell membrane by ethanol and 1-propanol is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is made of both polar and non-polar part. The polar head contains ionic phosphate groups. The non-polar tail contains long chain hydrocarbons. The lipid bilayer is both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic in nature. The presence of long hydrocarbon chain does not allow any ionic group to cross the lipid bilayer.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Sugars like glucose do not diffuse through cell membrane is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is made of both polar and non-polar part. The polar head contains ionic phosphate groups. The non-polar tail contains long chain hydrocarbons. The lipid bilayer is both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic in nature. The presence of long hydrocarbon chain does not allow any ionic group to cross the lipid bilayer.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The value ΔS∘ for transfer of the salt Bu4N+Cl- from water to DMSO is strongly positive is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The favorable interaction of dissolved molecule with solvent is known as solvation. The favorable interaction with solvent and solute results in the solvating the ion. Thus the interactions are hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and electrostatic interaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The higher solubility of diethyl ether in water than 1-pentanol is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The solubility of different compounds in water depends on the interaction between the compound and water molecule. Water forms hydrogen bonding with many compounds, which increases their solubility in water. The molecules which form hydrogen bonding among itself are less soluble in water. They require high salvation energy to break the hydrogen bonding and then solvates in water.

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The potassium-ion concentration in blood plasma isabout 5.0 x 10-3 M, whereas the concentration in muscle-cell fluid is much greater (0.15 M ). The plasma andintracellular fluid are separated by the cell membrane,which we assume is permeable only to K+. (a) What is ΔGfor the transfer of 1 mol of K+ from blood plasma to thecellular fluid at body temperature 37 °C? (b) What is theminimum amount of work that must be used to transferthis K+?

Consider the reactions in the table. (a) Write the equilibrium constant in terms of activities for the chemical reaction of fire extinguishers: 2NaHCO3 (s) ↔ Na2CO3 (s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (g) ΔrH = 135.54 KJ (b) At 300 K the equilibrium constant is 3.95x10-6 for the reaction in (a), what is ΔrGo? (c) State in words: what happens to the equilibrium when temperature is increased? Then, verify by finding K for the reaction in (a) at 420 K.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.52AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reason for disruption of lipid bilayer of cell membrane by ethanol and 1-propanol is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is made of both polar and non-polar part. The polar head contains ionic phosphate groups. The non-polar tail contains long chain hydrocarbons. The lipid bilayer is both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic in nature. The presence of long hydrocarbon chain does not allow any ionic group to cross the lipid bilayer.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Sugars like glucose do not diffuse through cell membrane is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is made of both polar and non-polar part. The polar head contains ionic phosphate groups. The non-polar tail contains long chain hydrocarbons. The lipid bilayer is both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic in nature. The presence of long hydrocarbon chain does not allow any ionic group to cross the lipid bilayer.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The value ΔS∘ for transfer of the salt Bu4N+Cl- from water to DMSO is strongly positive is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The favorable interaction of dissolved molecule with solvent is known as solvation. The favorable interaction with solvent and solute results in the solvating the ion. Thus the interactions are hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and electrostatic interaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The higher solubility of diethyl ether in water than 1-pentanol is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The solubility of different compounds in water depends on the interaction between the compound and water molecule. Water forms hydrogen bonding with many compounds, which increases their solubility in water. The molecules which form hydrogen bonding among itself are less soluble in water. They require high salvation energy to break the hydrogen bonding and then solvates in water.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.52AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reason for disruption of lipid bilayer of cell membrane by ethanol and 1-propanol is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is made of both polar and non-polar part. The polar head contains ionic phosphate groups. The non-polar tail contains long chain hydrocarbons. The lipid bilayer is both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic in nature. The presence of long hydrocarbon chain does not allow any ionic group to cross the lipid bilayer.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Sugars like glucose do not diffuse through cell membrane is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is made of both polar and non-polar part. The polar head contains ionic phosphate groups. The non-polar tail contains long chain hydrocarbons. The lipid bilayer is both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic in nature. The presence of long hydrocarbon chain does not allow any ionic group to cross the lipid bilayer.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The value ΔS∘ for transfer of the salt Bu4N+Cl- from water to DMSO is strongly positive is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The favorable interaction of dissolved molecule with solvent is known as solvation. The favorable interaction with solvent and solute results in the solvating the ion. Thus the interactions are hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and electrostatic interaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The higher solubility of diethyl ether in water than 1-pentanol is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The solubility of different compounds in water depends on the interaction between the compound and water molecule. Water forms hydrogen bonding with many compounds, which increases their solubility in water. The molecules which form hydrogen bonding among itself are less soluble in water. They require high salvation energy to break the hydrogen bonding and then solvates in water.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.52AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reason for disruption of lipid bilayer of cell membrane by ethanol and 1-propanol is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is made of both polar and non-polar part. The polar head contains ionic phosphate groups. The non-polar tail contains long chain hydrocarbons. The lipid bilayer is both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic in nature. The presence of long hydrocarbon chain does not allow any ionic group to cross the lipid bilayer.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Sugars like glucose do not diffuse through cell membrane is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is made of both polar and non-polar part. The polar head contains ionic phosphate groups. The non-polar tail contains long chain hydrocarbons. The lipid bilayer is both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic in nature. The presence of long hydrocarbon chain does not allow any ionic group to cross the lipid bilayer.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The value ΔS∘ for transfer of the salt Bu4N+Cl- from water to DMSO is strongly positive is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The favorable interaction of dissolved molecule with solvent is known as solvation. The favorable interaction with solvent and solute results in the solvating the ion. Thus the interactions are hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and electrostatic interaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The higher solubility of diethyl ether in water than 1-pentanol is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The solubility of different compounds in water depends on the interaction between the compound and water molecule. Water forms hydrogen bonding with many compounds, which increases their solubility in water. The molecules which form hydrogen bonding among itself are less soluble in water. They require high salvation energy to break the hydrogen bonding and then solvates in water.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 8.52AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reason for disruption of lipid bilayer of cell membrane by ethanol and 1-propanol is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is made of both polar and non-polar part. The polar head contains ionic phosphate groups. The non-polar tail contains long chain hydrocarbons. The lipid bilayer is both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic in nature. The presence of long hydrocarbon chain does not allow any ionic group to cross the lipid bilayer.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Sugars like glucose do not diffuse through cell membrane is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is made of both polar and non-polar part. The polar head contains ionic phosphate groups. The non-polar tail contains long chain hydrocarbons. The lipid bilayer is both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic in nature. The presence of long hydrocarbon chain does not allow any ionic group to cross the lipid bilayer.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The value ΔS∘ for transfer of the salt Bu4N+Cl- from water to DMSO is strongly positive is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The favorable interaction of dissolved molecule with solvent is known as solvation. The favorable interaction with solvent and solute results in the solvating the ion. Thus the interactions are hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and electrostatic interaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The higher solubility of diethyl ether in water than 1-pentanol is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The solubility of different compounds in water depends on the interaction between the compound and water molecule. Water forms hydrogen bonding with many compounds, which increases their solubility in water. The molecules which form hydrogen bonding among itself are less soluble in water. They require high salvation energy to break the hydrogen bonding and then solvates in water.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 8.52AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reason for disruption of lipid bilayer of cell membrane by ethanol and 1-propanol is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is made of both polar and non-polar part. The polar head contains ionic phosphate groups. The non-polar tail contains long chain hydrocarbons. The lipid bilayer is both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic in nature. The presence of long hydrocarbon chain does not allow any ionic group to cross the lipid bilayer.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 8.52AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reason for disruption of lipid bilayer of cell membrane by ethanol and 1-propanol is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is made of both polar and non-polar part. The polar head contains ionic phosphate groups. The non-polar tail contains long chain hydrocarbons. The lipid bilayer is both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic in nature. The presence of long hydrocarbon chain does not allow any ionic group to cross the lipid bilayer.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Sugars like glucose do not diffuse through cell membrane is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is made of both polar and non-polar part. The polar head contains ionic phosphate groups. The non-polar tail contains long chain hydrocarbons. The lipid bilayer is both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic in nature. The presence of long hydrocarbon chain does not allow any ionic group to cross the lipid bilayer.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Sugars like glucose do not diffuse through cell membrane is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is made of both polar and non-polar part. The polar head contains ionic phosphate groups. The non-polar tail contains long chain hydrocarbons. The lipid bilayer is both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic in nature. The presence of long hydrocarbon chain does not allow any ionic group to cross the lipid bilayer.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The value ΔS∘ for transfer of the salt Bu4N+Cl- from water to DMSO is strongly positive is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The favorable interaction of dissolved molecule with solvent is known as solvation. The favorable interaction with solvent and solute results in the solvating the ion. Thus the interactions are hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and electrostatic interaction.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The value ΔS∘ for transfer of the salt Bu4N+Cl- from water to DMSO is strongly positive is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The favorable interaction of dissolved molecule with solvent is known as solvation. The favorable interaction with solvent and solute results in the solvating the ion. Thus the interactions are hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and electrostatic interaction.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The higher solubility of diethyl ether in water than 1-pentanol is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The solubility of different compounds in water depends on the interaction between the compound and water molecule. Water forms hydrogen bonding with many compounds, which increases their solubility in water. The molecules which form hydrogen bonding among itself are less soluble in water. They require high salvation energy to break the hydrogen bonding and then solvates in water.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The higher solubility of diethyl ether in water than 1-pentanol is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The solubility of different compounds in water depends on the interaction between the compound and water molecule. Water forms hydrogen bonding with many compounds, which increases their solubility in water. The molecules which form hydrogen bonding among itself are less soluble in water. They require high salvation energy to break the hydrogen bonding and then solvates in water.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.1P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.2P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.3P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.4P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.5P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.6P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.7P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.8P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.9P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that ethanol and 1-propanol disrupt the lipid bilayer of cell membrane due to interaction of polar molecules with the hydrophilic phosphate group.

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