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(a)
Interpretation:
The reason as to why the boiling point of tert-butyl alcohol is different from
is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The intermolecular forces are used to predict the relative boiling points among several compounds. The compound having a branched chain will have less boiling point in comparison to the compound having straight chain.
(b)
Interpretation:
The reason as to how the difference in the structures affect the
Concept introduction:
The solubility of the compound is directly proportional to the surface area. If the surface area of the compound is less then, its solubility will be less and if the surface area of the compound is more, then its solubility will be more.
(c)
Interpretation:
The compound that is miscible with water is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The compounds that can form hydrogen bonding with water are miscible in it. The ease with which the hydrogen bonds are formed is directly proportional to the solubility of that compound in water.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Carbon–carbon bond dissociation enthalpies have been measured for many alkanes. Identify the alkane in each of the following pairs that has the lower carbon–carbon bond-dissociation enthalpy, and explain the reason for your choice. (a) Ethane or propane (b) Propane or 2-methylpropane (c) 2-Methylpropane or 2,2-dimethylpropane (d) Cyclobutane or cyclopentanearrow_forward(b) A compound with the molecular formula C4H9CI has four structural isomers. Write the structural formulas for all the four isomers. (c) Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing acidity, and explain the reasons forarrow_forwardThe conversion of butane to 2-methylpropane is an equilibrium process with ΔH° = −2.05 kcal/mol and ΔG° = −0.89 kcal/mol. What is the change in entropy for this conversion? What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction?arrow_forward
- 1) The carbon-oxygen double bond present in aldehydes and ketones is very polar. What does this mean and how does it arise? 2) The carbon-oxygen double bond is readily attacked by nucleophiles like cyanide ions or ammonia. (i) What do you understand by the term nucleophile? (ii) Which part of the carbon-oxygen double bond is attractive to nucleophiles? 3) Why is there a difference between aldehydes and ketones in their response to oxidizing agents such as potassium dichromate(VI) solution acidified with dilute sulfuric acid?arrow_forward2. (a) The heat of combustion of liquid benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is -3393 kJ/mole, and that of liquid 2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one (C₂H6O) is -3470 kJ/mole. Assume that both combustions result in products, CO2 and H₂O, that are entirely in the gas phase. Using the standard chemical equation for the combustion of a hydrocarbon, find the heats of formation (in kJ/mol) for both benzaldehyde and 2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one in the liquid phase. (b) Consider the isomerization from 2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one to benzaldehyde. What is the enthalpy change (in kJ/mol) for this reaction? Is it endothermic or exothermic? (c) If ArxnS = -18 J/mol-K for the isomerization reaction, find ArxnG at 350 K (in kJ/mol) and determine if it is spontaneous in the liquid phase at this temperature. For this calculation, you may assume that ArxnH and ArxnS are constant between 300 and 350 K.arrow_forward1. Consider the solubility and boiling point of the following pair of compounds: n-butyl alcohol and diethyl ether. The boiling points for the compounds are 118 °C and 35 °C respectively. The solubility for both compounds is the same (8g/100g water). Explain this observation for (i) boiling point disparity; (ii) solubility similarity a. H-bonds form in diethyl ether; n-butyl alcohol forms H-bonds in water b. H-bonds form in n-butyl alcohol; diethyl ether forms H-bonds in water c. H-bonds in n-butyl alcohol; Both compounds form H-bonds in water d. Both compounds form H-bonds; Both compounds form H-bonds in water 2. Account for the bond angle differences between (i) H-C-H (109.5°) in methane and H-S-H (90°); H-C-H (109.5°) and H-O-H (107.5°) in water. a. The H-S-H has two lone pairs; The H-O-H has two lone pairs b. The H-S-H has no hybridization at p-orbitals; The H-O-H has two lone pairs c. The H-S-H has two lone pairs; The H-O-H has no hybridization…arrow_forward
- 6. (Chapter 15-Q37) Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic that has a benzene ring fused to a pyrrole ring. Answer the following questions. Indole 6(a) What is the hybridization of N in this molecule? = 6(b) How many pi electrons N contributes to the ring? = 6() Which orbitals contribute to form a sigma bond between N and H in this molecule? = 6(c) What is the electronic relationship of Indole to naphthalene? Give the answer by comparing number of rings and number of pi electrons in both compounds, write x rings, y pi electrons=|arrow_forwardCore 2 (a) The structure of limonene is shown below. CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH CH₂ (i) What is the molecular formula of limonene? **********‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒ (II) Some limonene was added to a few drops of aqueous bromine. What colour change would you see in the aqueous bromine? ************ (iii) What feature of a limonene molecule is responsible for this colour change? (iv) Name the two substances formed when limonene is burnt in an excess of oxygen.arrow_forwardCompounds B and C are hydrocarbons with the structural formulae as shown below. CH, „CH, в (a) Name compounds B and C according to the IUPAC nomenclature. (b) Both B and C can undergo oxidation reaction with the same oxidizing agent. Write chemical equations involved and explain the differences between these two reactions. (c) Name one reaction that converts B to methylcyclohexane.arrow_forward
- Identify (A) in the following reaction. 2H2 Pt (A) KMNO4 Warm conc. || С — С — о—н |CO,H + HO CO2H cis-cyclo hexane 1,2-dicarboxylic acid (a) (b) (c) (d)arrow_forward1,4-Dioxane is made commercially by the acid-catalyzed condensation of an alcohol.(a) Show what alcohol will undergo condensation, with loss of water, to give 1,4-dioxane.arrow_forward5. (a) HF is an acid. What is it's conjugate base ? (b) CIO₂ is a base. What is it's conjugate acid ? (c) What is the conjugate base of H₂PO4¹ ? (d) What is the conjugate acid of H₂PO4-¹ ?arrow_forward
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