Interpretation: The use of water as a cooling agent in nature and in industry has to be described.
Concept introduction:The most common coolant is water. The heat capacity of water is high and is cost efficient, which makes water a suitable medium for heat-transfer. Water can be used with corrosion inhibitors, additives and antifreeze.
Answer to Problem 11A
In nature, water is used in the process of perspiration on a hot day.
In industry, water is used to cool generators, steam electric power plants, cooling of lubricant oil in pumps, etc.
Explanation of Solution
A substance could act as an effective coolant, when it has a high specific heat capacity that is a large amount of heat could be absorbed.
The most common coolant is water. The heat capacity of water is high and iscost efficient, which makes water a suitable medium for heat-transfer. Water can be used with corrosion inhibitors, additives and antifreeze.
Some of the industrial applications of water are:
- Deionized water is used to cool some electrical equipment’s such as high-power transmitters and high-power vacuum tubes due to its low electrical conductivity.
- Heavy water is used as neutron moderator in nuclear reactors.
- In power plants, water is used to cool generators.
- Water is used as cooling agent in steam electric power plants.
- Water is used for cooling automobile internal combustion engines.
- Water as a coolant could also be used in petroleum refineries, chemical plants and for cooling purposes in heat exchangers.
In nature, water is usedas a coolant in the process of perspiration. Perspiration is otherwise known as a sweating. In humans, sweating is achieved by water-rich secretion of the sweat glands. Evaporation of sweat from the surface of skin has a cooling effect due to evaporative cooling.
In nature, water is used in the process of perspiration on a hot day.
In industry, water is used to cool generators, steam electric power plants, cooling of lubricant oil in pumps, etc.
Chapter 14 Solutions
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