Chapter 14.1, Problem 3RQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reason for the molecules without dipoles condenses to form or liquids or solids needs to be explained.

Concept introduction: Physical state of a substance whether it polar or non-polar, can be changed from gaseous state to liquid state and further to solid state. This can be done because all substances have intermolecular forces in them known as the London dispersion forces. These are attractive forces that bind the molecules to each other.

Answer to Problem 3RQ

The molecules without dipoles condense to form or liquids or solids because of London dispersion forces.

Explanation of Solution

In solids molecules are closely packed, in liquids they are loosely packed and in gases they are very loosely packed. At lower temperatures, London dispersion forces decrease the thermal motion of the molecules and bring them close to each other resulting in the formation of liquid state and solid state if the temperature is lowered even further.

Conclusion

Physical state of a substance be it polar or non-polar can be changed from gaseous state to liquid state and further to solid state by London dispersion forces.