Chapter 15, Problem 40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

  

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

  

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

  

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The relationship between the given pair of molecules needs to be explained.

  

Concept Introduction:

Identical molecules are the ones with no isomers, neither constitutional isomers nor stereoisomers. Identical molecules have the same structural arrangement of atoms and the same three-dimensional arrangement.

Isomers are the molecules with the same formula but either with different structural connectivity (constitutional isomers) or different three-dimensional arrangement (stereoisomers).

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different groups is called a chiral center. A Molecule having at least one chiral center is a chiral molecule. Molecules that do not have any chiral centers are called achiral. Identical molecules do not have any chiral centers; therefore, they are achiral.

When the mirror images of a chiral molecule are not superimposable, those mirror images become stereoisomers called enantiomers.

When a molecule has more than one chiral center, another class of stereoisomers can be defined: Diastereomers, are the stereoisomers, which are not mirror images of each other.