General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259883989
Author: by Janice Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Concept explainers

Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of th…
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotat…
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Chapter 20, Problem 63P
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A segment of the polysaccharide formed by 3 galactose units joined together in 1-4 − α − linkages needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

1-4 − α − linkages are formed due to condensation reaction of a hydroxyl group on fourth carbon atom of one sugar with the anomeric first carbon of another sugar. β sign is given due to the position of the bonding hydroxyl group of anomeric carbon atom, which is below the ring.

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(d) Use the diagram below to complete the cyclic alpha form of structure V (e) Circle the hemiacetal in cyclic alpha form of structure V. (f) Redraw the cyclic alpha form of structure V but replace the OH group on the anomericcarbon with a methoxy group. Is this modified monosaccharide a reducing sugar or anonreducing sugar?
Raffinose is a trisaccharide found in whole grains. What is the correct description of the glycosidic linkage(s) in raffinose?
a) Draw Haworth projections of both - and -anomers of D-fructose. Indicate which carbon is the anomeric carbon.b) Sucrose is a disaccharide made up of a molecule of D-fructose and D-glucose. Draw the structure of sucrose clearly indicating the linkage between the two monosaccharides and its biological significance.c) Tollen’s reagent is a very mild oxidizing agent which normally oxidize aldehydes but not ketones. However, both glucose and fructose give positive results with Tollen’s reagent and are classified as reducing sugars. Explain how fructose can also give positive results with Tollen’s reagent (illustrate using structures).

Chapter 20 Solutions

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition

Ch. 20.1 - Label the hemiacetal carbonthe carbon bonded to...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 20.1PPCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.2PCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.3PCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.4PCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.5PCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.2PPCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.6PCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.7PCh. 20.3 - Prob. 20.8P
Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 20.3PPCh. 20.3 - Prob. 20.4PPCh. 20.4 - Prob. 20.5PPCh. 20.4 - Prob. 20.6PPCh. 20.4 - Prob. 20.9PCh. 20.4 - Prob. 20.10PCh. 20.5 - Prob. 20.7PPCh. 20.5 - Prob. 20.8PPCh. 20.5 - Lactose contains both an acetal and a hemiacetal....Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 20.12PCh. 20.5 - Prob. 20.13PCh. 20.5 - Prob. 20.14PCh. 20.5 - Prob. 20.15PCh. 20.6 - Prob. 20.16PCh. 20.6 - Prob. 20.17PCh. 20.7 - Prob. 20.18PCh. 20.7 - Prob. 20.19PCh. 20.8 - Prob. 20.20PCh. 20 - Prob. 21PCh. 20 - Prob. 22PCh. 20 - Prob. 23PCh. 20 - Prob. 24PCh. 20 - Prob. 25PCh. 20 - Prob. 26PCh. 20 - Prob. 27PCh. 20 - Prob. 28PCh. 20 - Prob. 29PCh. 20 - Prob. 30PCh. 20 - Prob. 31PCh. 20 - Prob. 32PCh. 20 - Prob. 33PCh. 20 - Prob. 34PCh. 20 - Prob. 35PCh. 20 - Prob. 36PCh. 20 - Prob. 37PCh. 20 - Prob. 38PCh. 20 - Prob. 39PCh. 20 - Prob. 40PCh. 20 - Prob. 41PCh. 20 - Prob. 42PCh. 20 - Prob. 43PCh. 20 - Prob. 44PCh. 20 - Prob. 45PCh. 20 - Prob. 46PCh. 20 - What product is formed when each compound is...Ch. 20 - What product is formed when each compound is...Ch. 20 - Prob. 49PCh. 20 - Prob. 50PCh. 20 - Prob. 51PCh. 20 - Prob. 52PCh. 20 - Prob. 53PCh. 20 - Prob. 54PCh. 20 - Prob. 55PCh. 20 - Prob. 56PCh. 20 - Prob. 57PCh. 20 - Prob. 58PCh. 20 - Prob. 59PCh. 20 - Prob. 60PCh. 20 - Prob. 61PCh. 20 - Prob. 62PCh. 20 - Prob. 63PCh. 20 - Prob. 64PCh. 20 - Prob. 65PCh. 20 - Prob. 66PCh. 20 - Prob. 67PCh. 20 - Prob. 68PCh. 20 - Prob. 69PCh. 20 - Prob. 70PCh. 20 - Prob. 71PCh. 20 - Prob. 72PCh. 20 - Prob. 73PCh. 20 - Prob. 74PCh. 20 - Prob. 75PCh. 20 - Prob. 76PCh. 20 - Prob. 77PCh. 20 - Prob. 78PCh. 20 - Prob. 79CPCh. 20 - Prob. 80CP
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