To discuss:
The intrapulmonary pressure changes relative to atmospheric pressure during inspiration and how Boyle’s and Charles’s law relate to the pulmonary ventilation.
Introduction:
Pulmonary ventilation is the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs and it comprises of both inhalation and exhalation. According to Boyle’s law, during a constant temperature, the pressure of a given amount of gas is inversely proportional to its volume. Charles’s law states that at a constant pressure, the volume of the given amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
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- The respiratory components of the medulla consist of which of the following? Dorsal respiratory group Apneustic center Ventral respiratory group Pneumotaxic center 1 only 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 4 onlyarrow_forwardCallisto has managed to escape Xena, and therefore Xena decides to rest for the night in a small but deep cave at a high altitude in the mountains. Describe the changes in Xena’s intrathoracic and intrapleural volume and pressure during quiet inspiration. Explain how these changes occur and describe their effect upon airflow. Explain how the rate of gas exchange between Xena’s alveolar air and blood changes when she moves to high altitude and describe one possible compensatory change that occurs in her body as the consequence.arrow_forwardWhich of the following situation will increase A-a (Alveolar-systemic arterial) gradient of Oxygen? Hyperventilation in normal person Cyanide poisoning Patient of pulmonary fibrosis Normal person on high mountain Hypoventilation in normal personarrow_forward
- If ventilation increases, plasma PCO2 (increases or decreases), H+ (increases or decreases), and HCO3- (increases or decreases).arrow_forwardPart A Which of the following events occurs during expiration? O Intrapulmonary pressure decreases to below atmospheric pressure. O Inspiratory muscles relax. O Inspiratory muscles contract. O Thoracic and lung volumes increase. Submit Request Answerarrow_forwardThe forces for resting expiration come from the elastic recoil of tissues and from surface tension. The lungs contain considerable elastic tissue, which stretches with lung expansion during inspiration. As the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax following inspiration, the elastic tissues cause the lungs to recoil and return to their original shapes. This pulls the visceral pleural membrane inward, and the parietal pleura and chest wall follow. Also, during inspiration the diaphragm compresses the abdominal organs beneath it. When the diaphragm relaxes, the abdominal organs spring back into their previous shapes, pushing the diaphragm upward(fig. 16.14a). At the same time, the surface tension that develops on the moist surfaces of the alveolar linings decreases the diameters of the alveoli. Together these factors increase intra-alveolar pressure about 1 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure, so that the air inside the lungs is forced out through respiratory passages with no…arrow_forward
- During quiet breathing ventilation and perfusion both vary from the top to the bottom of the lungs when the body is upright. Discuss the reasons for these differences in their effect on the ventilation perfusion ratio.arrow_forwardState Boyle’s Law and relate this law to the specific sequence of events (muscle contractions/relaxations and pressure/volume changes) causing inspiration and expiration.arrow_forwardWhich three factors control how much and how fast oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the blood in the capillariesarrow_forward
- Describe how Boyle's law results in inspiration and expiration. Your response must include the following terms: diaphragm, intercostal muscles, volume, pressure, increase, decrease, movement of air in, movement of air out, contraction, relaxation.arrow_forwarddescribe how the primary mechamisms of ventilation are applied to the human airways and includes the excursion of the diaphragm and the effect on pleural pressure flow during inspiration end inspiration expiration end expirationarrow_forwardWhich of the following events occurs during expiration? * Thoracic cavity volume decreases. Intrapulmonary pressure drops (to −1 mm Hg). Inspiratory muscles contract (diaphragm descends; rib cage rises).arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage LearningCardiopulmonary Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781337794909Author:Des Jardins, Terry.Publisher:Cengage Learning,
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