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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
To identify the two locations in a mitochondrion where the protons are found that are involved in the proton gradient.
Concept introduction:
Coupled reactions are the pair of biochemical reactions that occur simultaneously in a system and the energy released by one reaction is utilized by another reaction to occur. Oxidative phosphorylation and oxidation reaction of the electron transport chain is an example of a coupled system.
Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and
Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle are transferred to various intermediate carriers and finally reacts with molecular oxygen to form a water molecule.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Which directions across the mitochondria must H+, ATP, ADP, and Pi travel during active mitochondrial ATP synthesis?arrow_forwardOnly 37 of the proteins in mitochondria are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA. The other proteins are encoded in nuclear DNA, then translated and transported to the mitochondria. Describe one unique feature of protein transport across mitochondrial membranes.arrow_forwardConsider a 24:1 △cis-9 fatty acid in the mitochondrion. For each fatty acid given, determine the following. Total number of ATP deducted Total net ATParrow_forward
- Is mitochondrial ATP synthase an integral membrane protein?arrow_forwardThe mitochondrion pumps H+ from the matrix into the intermembrane space. Which region is more acidic, the matrix or the intermembrane space? Why?arrow_forwardThe following diagrams illustrate the two aqueous spaces and the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. In which diagram is the relative concentration of protons auch that ATP synthesis could occur if ATP synthase were present? (Gold spheres represent protons.) 圈圈圈圈圈 A B D E OA OB OC OD OE intermembrane space Anner membrane matriearrow_forward
- The rate of oxygen consumption by mitochondria increases markedly when ADP is added and then returns to its initial value when the added ADP has been converted into ATP (Figure 18.39). Why does the rate decrease?arrow_forwardIt has been estimated that mitochondria occupy 20% of the volume in the human body. For a 70- kg adult, the average number of mitochondria has been estimated to be 1 × 10 (10,000 trillion). Using this information, provide a rough estimate of the average mass of a mitochondrion.arrow_forwardHow does DCPIP act as an indicator of presence of mitochondria? Will mitochondria in the presence of DCPIP still make ATP? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Processes taking place in the mitochondrion convert the chemical potential energy of NADH into the chemical potential energy of ATP. A proton concentration gradient (Δ[H+]) is part of this process. Describe exactly where this gradient is located, and how the gradient is produced. In terms of the gradient, where is the higher [H+] and where is the lower [H+]?arrow_forwardWhy is the interconnected network of mitochondria particularly important?arrow_forwardHow are the mitochondrion and the hydrogenosomesimilar structurally? How do they differ? How do theydiffer metabolically?arrow_forward
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
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