Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the B vitamin portion of
Concept introduction: B vitamin is a group of vitamins which are water-soluble in nature and acts as precursors for enzyme cofactors.
Coenzymes are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Coenzymes cannot perform on their own alone. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide are examples of coenzyme which are utilized in various
(b)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the B vitamin portion of
Concept introduction: B vitamin is a group of vitamins which are water-soluble in nature and acts as precursors for enzyme cofactors.
Coenzymes are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Coenzymes cannot perform on their own alone. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide are examples of coenzyme which are utilized in various metabolic pathways.
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EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Regarding phosphofructokinase, which of the following statements is true: a. Low [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits. b. High [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits. c. The enzyme is more active at low [ATP] than at high, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates the enzyme. d. High [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates.arrow_forwardYou have a crude lysate sample (CL) containing a mixture of six proteins (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ẞ- galactosidase), and your goal is to obtain purified ẞ-gal. Some characteristics of these proteins are shown in the table below. Protein Alcohol dehydrogenase Carbonic anhydrase Insulin B chain Phosphorylase B Glutamic dehydrogenase B-galactosidase 45% Concentration of ammonium sulfate (AS) required for precipitation Molecular Weight (kDa) Isoelectric point (pl) 38 3.7 80% 65% 20% 30% 45% 28 4.8 4 5.3 98 6.8 49 9.5 115 5.3 You begin your purification by performing an ammonium sulfate (AS) precipitation. You add the appropriate concentration of AS to your CL sample, incubate overnight at 4°C, then centrifuge to generate a supernatant (AS-S) and pellet (AS-P). What concentration of AS will you use to precipitate Glutamic dehydrogenase? © 20% O 30% 45% 65% 80%arrow_forwardWhat are the correct names of the items, I, II and III in the reaction given below? a. Fructose-6P / Phosphofructokinase / Ribose-1,6P b. Glucose-6P / Hexokinase / Glucose-1,6 P c. Fructose-6P / Glucokinase / Glucose-1,6 P d. Fructose-6P/ Phosphofructokinase / Fructose-1,6 P e. Fructose-6P / Phosphoglucose isomerase / Fructose-1,6 Parrow_forward
- Choose the statement that best explains WHY the aldol condensation is considered base-catalyzed. a The base lowers the activation energy of the intermediates. b The base is used throughout the reaction but not consumed in the reaction, since it is regenerated in the final steps. C The base deprotonates the ketone, generating the nucleophile. d The base reacts with any acid that is present in the solution, accelerating the rate.arrow_forwardMatch the enzyme to the reaction catalysed. Not all the enzymes have to be selected, and an enzyme may be used more than once. v Synthesizes phosphatidic acid A. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase v Synthesizes triacylglycerol B. Glycerol kinase v Synthesizes acetoacetyl-CoA C. Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyl transferase v Synthesizes mevalonate D. Lipin v Synthesize 1,2 diacylglycerol E. Acyl transferase v Converts glycerol into glycerol-3-phosphate F. HMG-CoA reductase v Converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glycerol-3-phosphate G. Thiolase v Synthesize cholesterol-esterarrow_forwardThis is a depiction of the connection between the urea cycle, the malate-aspartate shuttle, and the citric acid cycle. In this depiction, blank boxes with numbers are hiding the name of a metabolite. Using the list below the pathway name the missing metabolites. Hint: Start by identifying #1, #6, and #7 and work from there.arrow_forward
- Suggest a name for an enzymes that catalyzes each of the following reactions.1. Hydrolysis of Lactose 2. Oxidation of Nitrate3. Decarboxylation of Citrate4. Reduction of Exalatearrow_forwardThe following Michaelis-Menten plot shows the response of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), an enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, to the presence of ATP and AMP. Based on the data below, which of the following statements apply? Select all that apply. No inhibitors (low (ATP)) 1 mM ATP + 0.1 mM AMP 1 mM ATP 1.0 2.0 (Fructose-6-phosphate) mM Fig. : Regulation of PFK activity AMP is an allosteric modifier that enhances the binding of the substrate fructose 6-phosphate а. O b. AMP is an allosteric modifier that reduces the binding of the substrate fructose 6-phosphate ATP is an allosteric modifier that reduces the binding of the substrate fructose 6-phosphate O c. O d. ATP is an allosteric modifier that enhances the binding of the substrate fructose 6-phosphate Phosphofructokinase activityarrow_forwardSuggest a name for an enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions. Oxidation of nitrite Decarboxylation of citrate Reduction of oxalatearrow_forward
- The glutaridoxins are a class of small antioxidant enzymes that use GSH as a reducing agent. They have functions similar to those of the thioredoxins. Describe the pathway whereby an organic peroxide is reduced by a glutaridoxin. Include the redox cycle of GSH in your answer.arrow_forwardWrite the step(s) involved in converting IMP to GMP, including the structures of all reactants and products, and names of enzymes involved.arrow_forwardDescribe the two models that explain the binding of allosteric enzymes. Use either model to explain the binding ofoxygen to hemoglobin.arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning