Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To classify proline as an essential amino acid or a nonessential amino acid.
Concept introduction: Amino acids are the main building blocks of proteins. Amino acids are classified as essential and non-essential depending upon whether they can be synthesized within the body itself or not.
Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as non-essential amino acids.
The essential amino acids are arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
The non-essential amino acids are alanine, asparagines, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine.
(b)
Interpretation: To classify glycine as an essential amino acid or a nonessential amino acid.
Concept introduction: Amino acids are the main building blocks of proteins. Amino acids are classified as essential and non-essential depending upon whether they can be synthesized within the body itself or not.
Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as non-essential amino acids.
The essential amino acids are arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
The non-essential amino acids are alanine, asparagines, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine.
(c)
Interpretation: To classify valine as an essential amino acid or a nonessential amino acid.
Concept introduction: Amino acids are the main building blocks of proteins. Amino acids are classified as essential and non-essential depending upon whether they can be synthesized within the body itself or not.
Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as non-essential amino acids.
The essential amino acids are arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
The non-essential amino acids are alanine, asparagines, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine.
(d)
Interpretation: To classify methionine as an essential amino acid or a nonessential amino acid.
Concept introduction: Amino acids are the main building blocks of proteins. Amino acids are classified as essential and non-essential depending upon whether they can be synthesized within the body itself or not.
Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as non-essential amino acids.
The essential amino acids are arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
The non-essential amino acids are alanine, asparagines, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine.
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EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Write down the structure of the amino acid asparagine and explain why you would classify it as an acidic, neutral or basic amino acid. (arrow_forwardMake a table consisting of the following classes of Amino Acids (A). Give the 3 letter abbreviation, one letter symbol. Classify if the AA is essential or non essential, polar or non-polar. Write A for essential and B for non essential, write P for for polar and N for non polar. Draw the AA in the ff. format: Encircle the -R (side chain)arrow_forwardMake a table consisting of the following classes of Amino Acids (A). Give the 3 letter abbreviation, one letter symbol. Classify if the AA is essential or non essential, polar or non-polar. Write A for essential and B for non essential, write P for for polar and N for non polar. Draw the AA in the ff. format: Encircle the -R (side chain)arrow_forward
- Identify which of the following pairs of amino acid residues can have hydrogen bonding between their side chains. A. Alaine and Glycine B. Leucine and Isoleucine C. Valinc and Asparaginc D. Threonine and Tryrosinearrow_forwardExplain the difference between essential and nonessential amino acids. How many of each are there? Identify and describe two essential and two nonessential amino acids. What does the term "conditionally essential" mean? Give an example.arrow_forwardClassify each of the following sugar pairs as enantiomers, diastereomers, epimers, or an aldose–ketose pair. a. D-erythrose and D-threose b. D-glucose and D-mannose c. D-ribose and L-ribose d. D-allose and D-galactose e. D-glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetonearrow_forward
- Give the names of the 20 Common Amino Acids and draw the structure of each.arrow_forwardDraw the formula of each of the following: a. Aspartic acid-histidine-tryptophan b. Glycine-cysteine-tyrosine with the charges that exist in cell fluid.arrow_forwardOne or more of the compounds shown below will satisfy each of the following statements. Not all compounds may be used; some may be used twice. Put the number(s) in the blank. (1) Found in chitin. (2) An L-saccharide. (3) The first residue attached to asparagine in N-linked glycans. (4) A uronic acid. (5) A ketose. CH,OH CoO COO OH H H H H ОН Н но OH OH H OH H HO OH H NHC- CH, Oso, OH (a) (b) (c) CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH C=0 CHOH C=0 H-C- OH CH,OH но -с-н ČH,OH CH,OH (d) (e)arrow_forward
- What is the advantage of having an amino acid with a negative charge? Please explain using an example.arrow_forwarda) This molecule is produced when what amino acid is transaminated? b) What are the one- and three-letter abbreviations for this amino acid?arrow_forwardWith the exception of glycine, all of the standard amino acids have one chiral center. Are there any amino acids that have two chiral centers?arrow_forward