EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
7th Edition
ISBN: 8220100853180
Author: STOKER
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 26, Problem 26.71EP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: To determine the fate of the fumarate formed in the urea cycle.
Concept introduction: A urea cycle is a cyclic biochemical pathway that involves the production of urea using ammonium ions and aspartate molecules as nitrogen sources. The desired product of the urea cycle is urea. It constitutes 4 steps. In step 1 carbamoyl phosphate transfers its carbamoyl group to ornithine to produce citrulline. Citrulline then condenses with aspartate in the second step to form argininosuccinate which then cleaves in the third step to form arginine and fumarate. In the final step, arginine reacts with water to produce urea.
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Chapter 26 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
Ch. 26.1 - Which of the following statements about dietary...Ch. 26.1 - Dietary protein materials as they leave the...Ch. 26.1 - The inactive form of pepsin is converted to its...Ch. 26.1 - Which of the following is not a proteolytic...Ch. 26.2 - The dominant use for the amino acids of the amino...Ch. 26.2 - The most abundant amino acid in the amino acid...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 3QQCh. 26.3 - Prob. 1QQCh. 26.3 - Prob. 2QQCh. 26.3 - The net effect of transamination is to collect the...
Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 4QQCh. 26.3 - Prob. 5QQCh. 26.3 - Most aminotransferases are specific for the keto...Ch. 26.4 - Which of the following statements concerning the...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 2QQCh. 26.4 - The two fuels for the urea cycle are a. carbamoyl...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 4QQCh. 26.4 - Prob. 5QQCh. 26.4 - Prob. 6QQCh. 26.5 - Which of the following statements concerning the...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 2QQCh. 26.5 - Prob. 3QQCh. 26.5 - Prob. 4QQCh. 26.6 - Prob. 1QQCh. 26.6 - How many of the standard amino acids are...Ch. 26.6 - The simplest pathways for amino acid biosynthesis...Ch. 26.7 - Prob. 1QQCh. 26.7 - Which of the following statements concerning the...Ch. 26.7 - Prob. 3QQCh. 26.7 - In the degradation of heme, the iron atom present...Ch. 26.8 - In degradation of the sulfur-containing amino acid...Ch. 26.8 - Prob. 2QQCh. 26.8 - Prob. 3QQCh. 26.8 - Prob. 4QQCh. 26.9 - Prob. 1QQCh. 26.9 - Prob. 2QQCh. 26.9 - Prob. 3QQCh. 26.10 - Prob. 1QQCh. 26.10 - Prob. 2QQCh. 26.10 - Prob. 3QQCh. 26 - Prob. 26.1EPCh. 26 - Indicate whether each of the following aspects of...Ch. 26 - Indicate whether each of the following pairings of...Ch. 26 - Indicate whether each of the following pairings of...Ch. 26 - Indicate whether each of the following statements...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.6EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.7EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.8EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.9EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.10EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.11EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.12EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.13EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.14EPCh. 26 - Indicate whether each of the following situations...Ch. 26 - Indicate whether each of the following situations...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.17EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.18EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.19EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.20EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.21EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.22EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.23EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.24EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.25EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.26EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.27EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.28EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.29EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.30EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.31EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.32EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.33EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.34EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.35EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.36EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.37EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.38EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.39EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.40EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.41EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.42EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.43EPCh. 26 - Draw the structure of the -keto acid produced from...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.45EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.46EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.47EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.48EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.49EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.50EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.51EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.52EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.53EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.54EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.55EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.56EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.57EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.58EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.59EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.60EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.61EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.62EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.63EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.64EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.65EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.66EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.67EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.68EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.69EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.70EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.71EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.72EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.73EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.74EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.75EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.76EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.77EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.78EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.79EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.80EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.81EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.82EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.83EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.84EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.85EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.86EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.87EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.88EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.89EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.90EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.91EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.92EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.93EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.94EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.95EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.96EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.97EPCh. 26 - Which bile pigment is responsible for the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.99EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.100EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.101EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.102EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.103EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.104EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.105EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.106EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.107EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.108EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.109EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.110EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.111EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.112EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.113EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.114EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.115EPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.116EP
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- How many ATP equivalents are consumed in the production of one equivalent of urea by the urea cycle?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding the urea cycle is true? (A) Fumarate acts as a connecting link between urea cycle and the CAC.(B) The urea cycle occurs solely in the mitochondria.(C) Citrulline and arginine reacts to form argininosuccinate.(D) Ornithine formed in the last reaction of the urea cycle is excreted from the body along with urea.(E) The purpose of the urea cycle is to produce energy (4 ATP per ammonia that enters) for the liver.arrow_forwardWhat are the energy consuming steps of the urea cycle and what is the energetic cost of the urea cycle in terms of ATP equivalents? How is this cost partially offset and what is the total net cost of the urea cycle?arrow_forward
- How is the rate of amino acid deamination linked to the rate of the urea cycle?arrow_forwardThe urea cycle can be summarized through the following reaction: O || H₂N-C-OPO3= COO- | H3N-CHCH₂COO- O || H₂N-C-NH2 + -OOCCH = CHCOO- 1. Write the reactions, using structural formulas that lead to the formation of carbamoyl phosphate and its subsequent incorporation into the urea cycle. Name the enzymes and how they are activated.arrow_forwardThe urea cycle can be summarized through the following reaction: O || H2N-C-OPO3 + COO- | H3N-CHCH₂COO b. O || H2N-C-NH2 1a Write the reactions, using structural formulas that lead to the formation of carbamoyl phosphate and its subsequent incorporation into the urea cycle. Name the enzymes and how they are activated. 1 + OOCCH=CHCOO- Write the rest of the reactions that constitute the urea cycle using structural formulas. Name the enzymes that catalyze each reaction. Indicate which reactions occur in the mitochondrion and which occur in the cytoplasm.arrow_forward
- The urea cycle requires all of the following components except one of them: aspartate, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I, ATP, citrulline/ornithine transporter and isocitrate. Identify the component. Explain the sequence of urea cycle using the required components and enzymes essential for each step of the cycle.arrow_forwarda) What is the role of the lysosome in degrading proteins? What are the enzymes that degrade/hydrolyze proteins? How does the further degradation of amino acids occur?b) Explain the urea cycle and summarize the steps of the urea cycle starting from carbamoyl phosphate.arrow_forwardHow many -amino acids participate directly in the ureacycle? Of these, how many can be used for protein synthesis?arrow_forward
- How is the urea cycle linked to the citric acid cycle? Write the net equation of the urea cycle and indicate whether energy is produced or consumed by the cycle. What type of damage occurs if there is a defect in the urea cycle?arrow_forwardWhich amino acids in the urea cycle are the links to thecitric acid cycle? Show how these links occurarrow_forwardHow many ATPs are required for one round of the ureacycle? Where do these ATPs get used?arrow_forward
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