Chapter 26, Problem 26.88EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamate.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are $\text{3-phosphoglycerate}$, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, $\text{α-ketoglutarate}$ and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of aspartate.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are $\text{3-phosphoglycerate}$, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, $\text{α-ketoglutarate}$ and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glycine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are $\text{3-phosphoglycerate}$, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, $\text{α-ketoglutarate}$ and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are $\text{3-phosphoglycerate}$, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, $\text{α-ketoglutarate}$ and phenylalanine.