Concept explainers
Interpretation: To identify the compound in the form of which oxaloacetate produced during the citric acid cycle operation enters the urea cycle.
Concept introduction: A urea cycle is a cyclic biochemical pathway that involves the production of urea using ammonium ions and aspartate molecules as nitrogen sources. The desired product of the urea cycle is urea. It constitutes 4 steps. In step 1 carbamoyl phosphate transfers its carbamoyl group to ornithine to produce citrulline. Citrulline then condenses with aspartate in the second step to form argininosuccinate which then cleaves in the third step to form arginine and fumarate. In the final step, arginine reacts with water to produce urea.
The citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
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Chapter 26 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Define the following terms: a. thiolytic cleavage b. ketogenesis c. ketone bodies d. α-oxidation e. ACCarrow_forwardThe rate limiting and committed step of the pentose phosphate pathway is catalyzed by which of the following enzymes? A. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase B. Hexokinase C. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase D. Transketolasearrow_forwardConsider the following Statements: (1) Citric acid cycle intermediates are often the products from amino acid carbon skeleton degradation. (2) The net effect of transamination is to collect the amino groups from a variety of amino acids into the amino acids glutamate and aspartate. (3) All of the reactions of the urea cycle occur within mitochondria. how many is truearrow_forward
- 18. What key molecule connects the urea cycle with the TCA cycle? A. Fumarate B. Malate C. Arginine D. Arigininosuccinate E. Aspartate 19. What meal would increase the activity/need for urea cycle enzymes? A. Steak and a milkshake B. Spinach salad and diet coke C. PB&J sandwich and glass of water D. Curly fries and a lemonade 20. What is the allosteric activator of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I? A. Glutamate B. N-acetylglutamate C. Bicarbonate D. Urea as a feedback negative regulator E. Argininearrow_forwardThe urea cycle can be summarized through the following reaction: O || H2N-C-OPO3 + COO- | H3N-CHCH₂COO b. O || H2N-C-NH2 1a Write the reactions, using structural formulas that lead to the formation of carbamoyl phosphate and its subsequent incorporation into the urea cycle. Name the enzymes and how they are activated. 1 + OOCCH=CHCOO- Write the rest of the reactions that constitute the urea cycle using structural formulas. Name the enzymes that catalyze each reaction. Indicate which reactions occur in the mitochondrion and which occur in the cytoplasm.arrow_forwardA patient presenting in musty odour and hypopigmentation has also presented with high levels of phenyl pyruvate in their blood. Which enzyme is upregulated? A. Phenylalanine dehydrogenase B. Phenylalanine hydroxylase C. Transaminase D. Arginasearrow_forward
- If 14CO2 (radioactive carbon) were incorporated into the TCA cycle via the Pyruvate Carboxylase reaction which of the following molecules would contain radioactive carbon? a. Oxaloacetate b. Citric Acid c. Isocitrate d. Alpha-ketoglutarate e. Succinyl-CoA f .Succinate g. Fumarate h. Malatearrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? a. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase b. dihydrolipoyl transacetylase c. pyruvate dehydrogenase d. dihydrolipoyl catalasearrow_forwardA derivative of pyridoxine (Vit. B6) is required as a coenzyme in? a.transamination b. oxidative deamination c. both transamination and oxidative deamination d. urea cyclearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements concerning the urea cycle is TRUE? 1. The pathway requires ATP. II. The nitrogen atoms in urea were provided by NH3 and aspartate. Neither I nor II Both I and II II only Ⓒ I onlyarrow_forwardThe urea cycle can be summarized through the following reaction: O || H₂N-C-OPO3= COO- | H3N-CHCH₂COO- O || H₂N-C-NH2 + -OOCCH = CHCOO- 1. Write the reactions, using structural formulas that lead to the formation of carbamoyl phosphate and its subsequent incorporation into the urea cycle. Name the enzymes and how they are activated.arrow_forwardProduction of the enzymes that catalyze the reactions of the urea cycle can increase or decrease according to the metabolic needs of the organism. High levels of these enzymes are associated with high-protein diets as well as starvation. Explain this apparent paradox.arrow_forward
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