Chapter 26, Problem 26.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are $\text{3-phosphoglycerate}$, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, $\text{α-ketoglutarate}$ and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of serine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are $\text{3-phosphoglycerate}$, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, $\text{α-ketoglutarate}$ and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of cysteine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are $\text{3-phosphoglycerate}$, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, $\text{α-ketoglutarate}$ and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of proline.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are $\text{3-phosphoglycerate}$, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, $\text{α-ketoglutarate}$ and phenylalanine.