Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The curved arrow notation is to be drawn for the proton transfer between ammonium ion
Concept introduction:
In a proton transfer reaction, a proton is transferred from a Bronsted–Lowry acid ( proton donor) to a Bronsted–Lowry base (proton acceptor) in a single elementary step in which one bond is broken and another is formed simultaneously. The conjugate acid is the species that the base becomes after gaining a proton, and the conjugate base is the species that the acid becomes after losing a proton. The curved arrow notation shows the movement of valence electrons, not atoms. Each double-barbed curved arrow shows the movement of two valence electrons. To represent bond breaking, the tail of the arrow originates from the center of a bond whereas to represent bond formation, the head of arrow points to an atom which forms the new bond, that is,
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY E-BOOK W/SMARTWORK5
- For the previous four questions, label each molecule that appears in the question or your answer asstrong acid, strong base, weak acid, or weak base.arrow_forwardDraw the structure of the conjugate base of water. (Note that it does not appear in Figure 4.11).arrow_forwardThe following are equivalent ways of asking about the acidity of an H atom: • What is the most acidic H on the molecule? • Which H is associated with the published pKa value? • Which H on the molecule is easiest to remove? • Which H on the molecule takes the least energy to remove? • Which bond to an H is most polarized? • For which H atom is removal least uphill in energy? • Which bond to an H atom, when broken, results in the lowest PE conjugate base? We will often find the last of these questions is easiest to answer. To do this, find all the different Hatoms on the molecule, and draw all possible conjugate bases.Only the lowest-energy one is the “real” conjugate base. Identify this structure, and you have found the most acidic H. Use this strategy to find the most acidic H on each of the following molecules. Note: Each structure hasat least three different kinds of H’s, so draw at least three unique conjugate bases for each.arrow_forward
- Complete the equation for the reaction between each Lewis acid-base pair. In each equation, label which starting material is the Lewis acid and which is the Lewis base; use curved arrows to show the flow of electrons in each reaction. In doing this problem, it is essential that you show valence electrons for all atoms participating in each reaction. (a) (b) (c) (d)arrow_forwardAnswer true or false to the following statements about the mechanism of acid-base reactions. (a) The acid and base must encounter each other by a collision in order for the proton to transfer. (b) All collisions between acids and bases result in proton transfer. (c) During an acid-base reaction the lone pair on the base fills the A-H antibonding sigma orbital.arrow_forwardCan you please answer these and give me an explanation.arrow_forward
- why are the values of E on the two bases related to each other in such a simple wayarrow_forwardCan you explain all the steps to get the answer? And how do you know the equilibrium? What does the arrows mean? For the given acid base reaction: a) Determine which is the weakest (most stable) base Show the details for your reasoning. b) Show which side of the reaction is favored at equilibrium and explain why. c) Draw the curved arrows to show the proton transfer from the acid to the base the given acid-base reaction: a) Determine which is the weakest (most stable) base. Show the details for your reasoning. b) Show which side of the reaction is favored at equilibrium and explain why c) Draw the curved arrows to show the proton transfer from the acid to the base.arrow_forwardDraw the structure of the conjugate base of the acid given below. (Note that the acidic H in consideration is bold and underlined.)arrow_forward
- For each reaction, label the Lewis acid and base. Use curved arrow notation to show the movement of electron pairs.arrow_forwardCould you explain this, cause I get confused on which one is acid or basearrow_forwardDo all label answer to which so I know the table is there to help answer questions if neededarrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning