Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Products of each possible proton transfer reaction are to be written.
Concept introduction:
A proton transfer reaction is the one in which a Bronsted Lowry base reacts with a Bronsted Lowry acid. A Bronsted Lowry base is a proton acceptor while a Bronsted Lowry acid is a proton donor. The proton is transferred from the acid to the base. The formal charge of the base increases by 1 and that for the acid decreases by 1. The conjugate acid is the species that the base becomes after picking up a proton, and the conjugate base is the species that the acid becomes after losing a proton. A proton transfer reaction is a concerted reaction – that is single step.
(b)
Interpretation:
Among the two possible proton transfer reactions, the reaction that is more energetically favorable is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Proton transfer reactions favor the side opposite the stronger acid (i.e., opposite the lower pKa). When comparing two uncharged acids, the stronger acid is the one whose negatively charged conjugate base is more stable. If the conjugate base formed is more stable, then the acid will be stronger. An anion becomes more stable as the electronegativity of the atom bearing the negative charge increases. When comparing two positively charged acids, the stronger acid is the one that is less stable.
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY E-BOOK W/SMARTWORK5
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- for each pair of compounds, circle the the most acidic proton in each molecule, and then indicate which is the stronger acid of the twoarrow_forwardClonidine shown below is a top selling drug used to treat hypertension. Circle the most basic atom in clonidine and provide the conjugate acid if this atom was protonated and the two best resonance structures of the conjugate acid.arrow_forwardPlease draw the conjugate base for each below as indicated in the picture below and offer a detailed explanation. Thank you so much.arrow_forward
- Can you help me understand the attached question?arrow_forwardRank the bold-faced hydrogens for the following compounds from most acidic to least acidic. Explain why?arrow_forwardSummarize the relationship between pKa and acid strength by completing the following sentences: a. The higher the pKa of an acid, the stronger or weaker the acid. b. The lower the pKa of an acid, the stronger or weaker the acid.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning