Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8, Problem 3TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The process of
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What are the two ways environmental signals promote a cellular response.
what cellular process is targeted in order to generate the " cellular response"
All cells of a multicellular organism may not respond in the same wayto a particular ligand (signaling molecule) that binds to a cell surfacereceptor. The difference in response may be due toa. the type of receptor for the ligand that the cell expresses.b the affinity of the ligand for the receptor in a given cell type.c. the type of signal transduction pathways that the cell expresses.d. the type of target proteins that the cell expresses.e. all of the above.
Nitric oxide produced by the endothelial layer of blood vessels stimulates the smooth muscle layer underneath to relax, leading to widening of blood vessel lumen and subsequent decrease in blood pressure. This type of cellular communication between endothelial and smooth muscle cells is an example of what type of chemical signaling?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 8.1 - What is the signaling molecule in this example?Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 8.1 - A general reason for cell signaling is to respond...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 8.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 8.3 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 8.3 - What has to happen for the a and subunits of the...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.3 - After a G-protein-coupled receptor is activated,...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.5 - Look ahead to Figures 13.9 and, in particular,...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 8.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 8 - Prob. 1TYCh. 8 - Prob. 2TYCh. 8 - Prob. 3TYCh. 8 - Prob. 4TYCh. 8 - Which of the following is not an example of a cell...Ch. 8 - Prob. 6TYCh. 8 - The EGF receptor functions as a receptor tyrosine...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8TYCh. 8 - Prob. 9TYCh. 8 - The benefit of second messengers in signal...Ch. 8 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 8 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 8 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 8 - Discuss and compare several different types of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Which of the following will increase frequency of cell-cell interactions, that are also important signal sources within tissues. decrease in cell volume decrease in cell density increase in cell population density Secretion of hormones None of thesearrow_forwardWhich is true about signaling receptors? They are transmembrane proteins that have binding sites for extracellular activated proteinsto effect changes inside the cell. They are transmembrane proteins that have binding sites for extracellular DNA-binding proteins to effect changes inside the cell. They are transmembrane proteins that have binding sites for extracellular enzyme effectors to effect changes inside the cell. They are transmembrane proteins that have binding sites for extracellular messengers to effect changes inside the cell.arrow_forwardRelaying a message from a receptor protein to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell is called ______. selective permeability signal transduction inhibition self-recognitionarrow_forward
- Please choose one of these choices A. Since protein A is embedded in the membrane., the mutation will be silent and not affect the cellular response. B. The molecule that normally binds to protein A will not enter the cell, thus no cellular response will occur. C. The molecule that normally binds to protein A will no longer attach, deactivating the cellular response. D. Production if activated molecule 1 will stop, bht production of activated molecules 2 and 3 will continue.arrow_forwardA cell signaling molecule that triggers an effect only in the vicinity of the cell secreting is is an example of ?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is most likely an example of signaling through a transmembrane receptor? The influenza virus recognizes specific proteins on the surface of host cells, causing the entrance of genetic materials into the cytoplasm of the host cells. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) bind to receptor proteins found on the membrane of receiving cells, triggering its internalization into the receiving cells. The binding of interleukin-6 (IL-6) to the interleukin-6 receptor causes the activation of protein kinases in the cytoplasm, activating the transcription factor NF-κB. The binding of aldosterone to the aldosterone receptor activates its transcription activity, leading to the transcription of genes that promote the uptake of ions and water.arrow_forward
- In a specific type of tumor, cytotoxic T cells can recognize but not kill the tumor cell. Interaction of PD-L1 in tumor cells with PD1 in cytotoxic T cells plays a role in shaping the immune response by initiating signal transduction cascades in both cell types. What will happen if the signal transduction cascade in cytotoxic T cells is blocked? T cells will be activated and kill tumor cells T cells can recognize the cancer cells but will not be activated Tumor cell will undergo programmed cell deatharrow_forwardWhich of these describes a mechanism of chemoresistance exhibited by skin and colon stem cells? Group of answer choices Increased DNA repair capacity Expression of drug efflux pumps Overexpression of hedgehog and notch signaling pathways All of thesearrow_forwardIt is important for the cell to be able to terminate responses, and diminish responsiveness to prevent overstimulation. Cells have different mechanisms for this. One such mechanism is receptor down regulation. a.) Down regulation describes a decrease in the availability of hormones or neurotransmitters that bind to receptors on the surface of target cells, making the cells less likely to be stimulated. b.) Down regulation describes glycosylation of receptor proteins receptors on the surface of target cells in order to decrease the selectivity of ligand binding, making the cells less sensitive to a hormone or neurotransmitter. c.) Down regulation describes a decrease in the number of receptors on the surface of target cells, making the cells less sensitive to a hormone or neurotransmitter.arrow_forward
- In an infected breast tissue, which of the following will not be consistent with the pathway of apoptosis in the tissue? Group of answer choices Toll-like receptors are activated by the invading organism RIPk1 binds to FADD causing Caspase 9 activation BID translocates to the mitochondria to promote MOMP XIAP is inhibited by Smacarrow_forwardReceptors often activate signaling molecules that are __________. This property helps to increase signaling efficiency of this pathway. bound to the plasma membrane floating in the cytosol locked in the endoplasmic reticulum inside the mitochondria all of the abovearrow_forwardCell-mediated responses work best against ________. a. pathogens inside cells b. pathogens outside cells c. toxins d. both b and c e. all are correctarrow_forward
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