Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8.6, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
A receptor is a molecule that is present inside or on the surface of the cell. This receptor molecule binds to its compatible signal molecule or ligand and initiates a cellular response that brings about a physiological process.
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Which of the following is true of signal transduction mediated by protein tyrosine kinases
production of cAMP
phosphoinositides are activated
arrestins compete with G-proteins
phosphorylation of tyrosine residues
How is the response to a signal regulated? Why is it often specific?
Expain step by step in simple words please.
Select any of the regulator mechanisms that would amplify cAMP signaling.
A) Cell produces more adenylyl cyclase
B) Cell produces more phosphodiesterase
C) A drug inhibits phosphodiesterase
D) A drug inhibits phospholipase
Chapter 8 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 8.1 - What is the signaling molecule in this example?Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 8.1 - A general reason for cell signaling is to respond...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 8.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 8.3 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 8.3 - What has to happen for the a and subunits of the...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.3 - After a G-protein-coupled receptor is activated,...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.5 - Look ahead to Figures 13.9 and, in particular,...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 8.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 8 - Prob. 1TYCh. 8 - Prob. 2TYCh. 8 - Prob. 3TYCh. 8 - Prob. 4TYCh. 8 - Which of the following is not an example of a cell...Ch. 8 - Prob. 6TYCh. 8 - The EGF receptor functions as a receptor tyrosine...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8TYCh. 8 - Prob. 9TYCh. 8 - The benefit of second messengers in signal...Ch. 8 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 8 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 8 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 8 - Discuss and compare several different types of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- __________ are molecules released from a signaling cell that have effects on target cells. a. Hormones b. Neurotransmitters c. Local signaling molecules d. Pheromones e. a and b f. all of the abovearrow_forwardWhen a signaling molecule binds with a receptor, (a) G proteins are inactivated (b) a third messenger is activated (c) cell signaling is terminated (d) cAMP is produced by the receptor (e) the receptor becomes activatedarrow_forwardSomeone goes for a jog first thing in the morning and encounters a squadron of javelinas, causing a release of epinephrine. Some of this circulating epinephrine binds to a G-alpha-s coupled receptor (GPCR) on the surface of muscle cells. Which of the following would occur in the muscle cell as a result of this activation? Nitric oxide synthesis would increase. cyclic AMP (cAMP) activity would increase. Phospholipase C (PLC) would hydrolyze (cut) the molecule PIP2. The levels of adenylate cyclase activity would decrease. The levels of adenylate cyclase activity would decrease. Which ligand is CORRECTLY matched with its characteristic? Group of answer choices Glucagon: stimulates the activation of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway Nitric oxide (NO): must bind to its target protien withn a few seconds because NO degrades rapidly Steroid hormone: produces a response in its target cells within seconds Acetylcholine: hydrophobic molecule that binds to…arrow_forward
- what characteristic is not one attributed to a second messenger? a. Intracellular signaling molecule b. molecules that can easily pass across membrane bilayers. c. molecules that can act as allosteric effectors for signaling proteins. d. molecules that can be rapidly converted between active and inactive forms. e. molecules that are synthesized in response to receptor/signal interaction.arrow_forwardExplain how each of the following is a signaling molecule, an effector molecule or an adaptor molecule 1.cAMP 2.beta-catenin 3.phospholipase Darrow_forwardMutations in which of the following would MOST DIRECTLY affect the cAMP signaling pathway? Adenylyl cyclase PKA IP3 Ligand-gated ion channelarrow_forward
- Compound C is a pharmaceutical agent that blocks AMPK activity. How might compound C influence adaptation following resistance exercise? How might compound C influence adaptation following endurance exercise? Be specific and remember this section is Molecular Signalingarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not correct about a second messenger system? A. The activating hormone interacts with a receptor site on the plasma membrane. B. The activating hormone activates an enzyme, most often adenylate cyclase C. Activated adenylate cyclase catalyzes the transformation of AMP to cyclic AMP D. Cyclic AMP causes the activation of protein kinase E. None of these are correct.arrow_forwardEach adenylyl cyclase molecule produces many cAMP molecules in an example of (a) receptor up-regulation (b) receptor down-regulation (c) signal amplification (d) scaffolding (e) similarities produced by evolutionarrow_forward
- When a signal molecule (hormone) binds at a G protein-coupled receptor, the G protein a. Binds with GTP b. Becomes deactivated c. Binds with cAMP d. Binds with a kinase e. Binds to the signal moleculearrow_forwardWhat two steps occur in cell signaling occur AFTER the signal has been detected by a cell surface receptor? a. transduction and inflection b. transduction and amplification c. amplification and termination d. amplification and diversionarrow_forwardAll cells of a multicellular organism may not respond in the same wayto a particular ligand (signaling molecule) that binds to a cell surfacereceptor. The difference in response may be due toa. the type of receptor for the ligand that the cell expresses.b the affinity of the ligand for the receptor in a given cell type.c. the type of signal transduction pathways that the cell expresses.d. the type of target proteins that the cell expresses.e. all of the above.arrow_forward
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Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license