Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8.2, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The enzymes are protein molecules that may or may not be associated with other molecules like metal ions, vitamins, and so on. The enzymes increase the efficiency of the reaction and help to turn a large number of substrate molecules into products. The enzyme is highly specific in nature, and therefore, it reacts with only a particular type of substrate.
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The dissociation constant (Kd) of a receptor is:
BIOCHEMISTRY basic
the concentration of a ligand that produces 100% occupancy of the receptor
the concentration of a ligand that produces 50% of the maximal effect.
the measurement of specificity between ligand and its receptor.
the measurement of speed by which a ligand will dissociate from its receptor.
the measurement of affinity between a ligand and its receptor and the inverse of the association constant.
During an experiment with Drosophila, it was discovered that all females had red eyes. unlike males. A conclusion based on this observation would be:
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY basic
The gene for eye color is located on the X chromosome.
The females are homozygotes
The gene for eye color is dominant.
The eye color results from multigenic linkage.
The eye color phenotype is sex-linked
A secondary lysosome:
CELL BIOLOGY advanced
a lysosome that provides a backup to the primary…
when a chemical messenger (or ligand) reaches a target cell, it binds to a receptor. A hydrophobic ligand binds to a(n) _______, whereas a hydrophilic ligand binds to a(n)_________.
a.
agonist receptor; antagonic receptor
b.
transmembrane receptor; intracellular receptor
c.
antagonist receptor; agonist receptor
d.
intracellular receptor; transmembrane receptor
Choose the best term which describe the following statement: antagonist binds to the binding site of receptor and change the shape:
Select one:
Incorrect Induced fit.
Correct induced fit.
Signal transduction.
Perfect fit.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 8.1 - What is the signaling molecule in this example?Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 8.1 - A general reason for cell signaling is to respond...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 8.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 8.3 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 8.3 - What has to happen for the a and subunits of the...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.3 - After a G-protein-coupled receptor is activated,...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.5 - Look ahead to Figures 13.9 and, in particular,...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 8.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 8 - Prob. 1TYCh. 8 - Prob. 2TYCh. 8 - Prob. 3TYCh. 8 - Prob. 4TYCh. 8 - Which of the following is not an example of a cell...Ch. 8 - Prob. 6TYCh. 8 - The EGF receptor functions as a receptor tyrosine...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8TYCh. 8 - Prob. 9TYCh. 8 - The benefit of second messengers in signal...Ch. 8 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 8 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 8 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 8 - Discuss and compare several different types of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- How can molecules pass through a closed gate such as in ligand-gated channel protein? Group of answer choices Receptor must receive pressure to open the gate. Receptor must receive electrical signals to open the gate. Receptor must receive signals or stimulus from the neurotransmitter to open the gate. The ligand-gated channel protein is always open, and it does need any stimulusarrow_forwardWhich of these is NOT a response that occurs when an intercellular chemical signal binds to a membrane-bound receptor? 1. Enzymes at the inner surface of the cell are directly activated. 2. Ion channels open or close. 3. Enzymes add phosphate groups to certain proteins in the cell. 4. The chemical signal and receptor bind to DNA in the nucleus. 5. Activated G proteins activate enzymes that produce intracellular messengers.arrow_forwardWhich of the following receptor types is NOT a membrane receptor? a. Channel-linked receptor b. Enzymatic receptor c. G protein–coupled receptor d. Steroid hormone receptorsarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements most accurately describes what happens when an antagonist binds to a receptor? The antagonist binds non-covalently to the receptor and promotes internalisation of the receptor. Antagonist binding alters the structure of the receptor making it unable to function normally. At sufficiently high concentrations the antagonist can prevent the receptor from binding to its natural (endogenous) ligand. The antagonist-receptor complex binds to a heterotrimeric G protein forming a stable and inactive ternary complex.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the type of receptor a beta-antagonist drugs acts on a.Ligand-regulated transmembrane enzymes b.Ion channel c.G protein-coupled receptor d.Intracellular lipid-soluble signalingarrow_forwardWhich of the following ion channels are always sensitive to small changes in electric charge? stress-activated channels ligand-gated channels with extracellular ligands voltage-gated channels ligand-gated channels with intracellular ligands all of the abovearrow_forward
- When a visual pigment absorbs photons of light, it changes its molecular shape and at the same time releases energy. The release sets off a chain of chemical events leading to an electrical signal. The last event described is ________. transduction integration conduction stimulationarrow_forwardWhich of the following is the correct statement regarding ion channels? Physical deformation of the membrane cannot open ion channels Ligand-gating means that an ion binds to the channel, which stimulates its opening. If the channel pore was the right size, Na and K could both pass through because they have the same charge A voltage gated Na channel can open to allow Na movement against its electrochemical gradientarrow_forwardWhen signals bind to the protein receptors, it depends if the receptor is found on the nuclear or cell membrane. genes are turned on or off. gates open up and then there is a cellular response, such as an action potential. the receptor changes its shape in order to bind the signal and to function.arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes the behavior of a gated channel? It stays open continuously when stimulated. It opens more frequently in response to a given stimulus. It opens more widely as the stimulus becomes stronger. It requires a stimulus to change from closed to openarrow_forwardSelect the statements that correctly describe positive feedback pathways. A sensor/receptor is required to monitor and limit levels. A sensor/receptor is unnecessary to monitor and limit levels.arrow_forwardWhich of the following stimulus or stimuli may cause protein channels involved in membrane transport to open or close: Change of voltage across the membrane. Mechanical stress. Ligand binding. All of the above. None of the above.arrow_forward
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