Concept explainers
Northern blot analysis is performed on mRNA produced by transcription of a gene in organisms with different genotypes. Three alleles occur at the gene: N is a dominant wild
Organisms with the genotypes NN,
Organisms that are n1n1 have a single mRNA band with higher electrophoretic mobility. Thinking about the composition of mRNA, explain this observation.
Two mRNA bands are detected for organisms with the
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Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (2nd Edition)
- In E. coli, four Hfr strains donate the following markers,shown in the order donated:Strain 1: M Z X W CStrain 2: L A N C WStrain 3: A L B R UStrain 4: Z M U R BAll these Hfr strains are derived from the same F+ strain.What is the order of these markers on the circularchromosome of the original F+?arrow_forwardCystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder affecting a number of organs, including the lung airways, pancreas, and sweat glands. Mutations in both copies of the CFTR gene causes cystic fibrosis. Imagine that you have sweat gland samples from several Cystic Fibrosis patients (A-C) with unknown mutations in CFTR. You also have normal (+) sweat gland sample to use as a positive control. А В С А В С Choose which mutation would explain the RNA and protein results in A, B, & C: 1. Promoter/Regulatory mutation 2. Silent mutation 3. Missense mutation 4. Deletion mutation 5. Splice site mutation 6. Nonsense mutation RNA gel Protein gelarrow_forwardThe wildtype sequence of a gene is the following: wt: 3' TAC AAA TCT AGC CCG 5' and the following 3 mutations were found:, indicate what type of mutation this is 1: 3' TAC AAA TCA AGC CCG 5' ; 2. 3' TAC AAA TCT ATC CCG 5'. ; 3. 3' TAC AAA AGC CCG 5'. ;arrow_forward
- In a transformation experiment involving a wild type bacterial strain with a recipient strain with mutations in genes f, g, h and i pairs of genes were analyzed for co-transformation with the following results: Gene Pair Co-transformation g+ i+ f+ i+ yes no f+ h+ Уes f+ g+ no g+ h+ h+ i+ no уes What is the linear order of these genes relative to cach other?arrow_forwardA research group is studying a bacterium X that binds to mucosal cells in the lung and invades. Wildtype X has an LD50 value of 10 bacteria when administered to mice by inhalation. Using transposon mutagenesis, the researchers have isolated two mutants of X that they call Xmut1 and Xmut2, both of which have LD50 values of 105 when inhaled by mice. However, in tissue culture cells, Xmut1 can invade the cells just as well as wild-type X, while Xmut2 cannot. Provide a possible explanation for these results.arrow_forwardThe presence (+) or absence (−) of six sequences in each of five bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones (A–E) is indicated in the following table. Using these markers, put the BAC clones in their correct order and indicate the locations of the numbered sequences within them.arrow_forward
- The following recombinants are recovered when conjugation occurs between an a*d*g+ donor and an adg recipient. at d+ g+ = 84% a d g+ = 6% at d g+ = 10% a dt g+ = less than 1% What is the map distance between the a and d genes? 10 map units 74 map units less than 1 map unit 84 map units 6 map unitsarrow_forwardIn the Western blot shown here, proteins were isolated from redblood cells and muscle cells from two different individuals. Oneindividual was unaffected, and the other suffered from a diseaseknown as thalassemia, which involves a defect in hemoglobin. Theblot was exposed to an antibody that recognizes β globin, whichis one of the polypeptides that constitute hemoglobin. Equal totalamounts of cellular proteins were added to each lane. Explain these results.arrow_forwardThree mutations were obtained in a bacterial gene. An antibody is available for the protein product of this gene. Both Northern analysis (RNA separated by electrophoresis, blotted, and probed with DNA) and Western analysis (proteins separated by electrophoresis, blotted, and probed with antibodies) were performed on the mutants. The results are summarized below. Northern Size Western Size 1 2 3 1 2 3 + Long Short Short Long For each mutation, what kind of mutation occurred and how do you know? a) Mutant 1 b) Mutant 2 c) Mutant 3arrow_forward
- E. coli cells are simultaneously infected with two strains of phage λ. One strain has a mutant host range, is temperature sensitive, and produces clear plaques (genotype h st c); another strain carries the wildtype alleles (genotype h+ st+ c+). Progeny phages are collected from the lysed cells and are plated on bacteria. The following numbers of different progeny phages are obtained: Progeny phage genotype Number of plaques h+ c+ st+ 321 h c st 338 h+ c st 26 h c+ st+ 30 h+ c st+ 106 h c+ st 110 h+ c+ st 5 h c st+ 6 a. Determine the order of the three genes on the phage chromosome. b. Determine the map distances between the genes. c. Determine the coefficient of coincidence and the interferencearrow_forwardIn a transformation experiment, donor DNA was obtained from a prototroph bacterial strain (x* y z'), and the recipient was a triple auxotroph (x y z ). The following transformant classes were obtained: x* y z xy'z 160 130 190 170 x'y 3 xy x'y 5 What general conclusions can you draw about the linkage relationships among the three genes?arrow_forwardLeber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) causes progressive vision loss due to defects in the gene that encodes RPE65 isomerase. Affected individuals are homozygous recessive for mutant alleles of the RPE65 gene. You are trying to determine the molecular nature of the mutations in three individuals with LCA. For ease of analysis, you may assume that each individual is homozygous for the same mutant allele (though the three individuals have different mutations than each other). You use the polymerase chain reaction to amplify DNA from each patient and you determine the sequence of the DNA and compare it to unaffected individuals. You identify the following differences. Note that the non-template strand of DNA is given and the changes are highlighted using red boldface. You can assume that the sequences are in the first reading frame (eg. the first three nucleotides of each sequence is a codon). The coding region of the gene is 1602 bp and the position of the sequences shown below is…arrow_forward
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