Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073525310
Author: Leland H. Hartwell, Michael L. Goldberg, Janice A. Fischer, Leroy Hood, Charles F. Aquadro
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 14P
Maltose utilization in E. coli requires the proteins encoded by genes in three different operons. One operon includes the genes malE, malF, and malG; the second includes malK and lamB; and the genes in the third operon are malP and malQ. The MalT protein is a positive regulator that controls the expression of all three operons; expression of the malT gene itself is catabolite sensitive.
a. What |
b. Do you expect the three maltose operons to contain binding sites for CRP (cAMP receptor protein)? Why or why not? In order to infect E. coli, bacteriophage λ binds to the maltose transport protein LamB (also known as the λ receptor protein) that is found in the outer membrane of the bacterial cell. The synthesis of LamB is induced by maltose in the medium via expression of the MalT protein, as described above. |
c. List the culture conditions under which wild-type E. coli cells would be sensitive to infection by bacteriophage λ. |
d. E. coli cells that are resistant to infection by bacteriophage λ have been isolated. List the types of mutations in the maltose regulon (the set of all genes regulated by maltose) that λ-resistant mutants could contain. |
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The lactose operon in E. coli comprises two structural genes and three regulatory components.a.State the name of each structural gene and describe its function:
b.) State the name of each regulatory component and describe its function
In the galactose operon of Escherichia coli, a repressor, encoded by the galR gene, binds to an operator site, galo, to regulate the expression of three structural genes, galE, galT, and galK. Expression is induced by the presence of galactose in the media. For each of the strains listed, would the cell show constitutive, inducible, or no expression of each of the structural genes? (Assume that galR−is a loss-of-function mutation.)
galR− galo+ galE+ galT+ galK+
galR+ galoc galE+ galT+ galK+
galR− galo+ galE+ galT+ galK−/ galR+ galo+ galE− galT+ galK+
galR− galoc galE+ galT+ galK−/ galR+ galo+ galE− galT+ galK+
You have isolated two different mutants (reg1 and reg2) causing constitutive expression of the emu operon (emu1 emu2). One mutant contains a defect in a DNA-binding site, and the other has a loss-of-function defect in the gene encoding a protein that binds to the site.
Is the DNA-binding protein a positive or negative regulator of gene expression? Explain.
To determine which mutant has a defect in the site and which one has a mutation in the binding protein, you decide to do an analysis using F′ plasmids. Assuming you can assay levels of the Emu1 and Emu2 proteins, what results do you predict for the two strains (i and ii; see descriptions below) if reg2 encodes the regulatory protein and reg1 is the regulatory site? Explain.
F′ (reg1− reg2+ emu1− emu2+)/reg1+ reg2+ emu1+ emu2−
F′ (reg1+ reg2− emu1− emu2+)/reg1+ reg2+ emu1+ emu2−
Chapter 15 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
Ch. 15 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 15 - The following statement occurs early in this...Ch. 15 - One of the main lessons of this chapter is that...Ch. 15 - All mutations that abolish function of the Rho...Ch. 15 - The promoter of an operon is the site to which RNA...Ch. 15 - You are studying an operon containing three genes...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7PCh. 15 - You have isolated two different mutants reg1 and...Ch. 15 - Bacteriophage , after infecting a cell, can...Ch. 15 - Mutants were isolated in which the constitutive...
Ch. 15 - For each of the E. coli strains containing the lac...Ch. 15 - For each of the growth conditions listed, what...Ch. 15 - For each of the following mutant E. coli strains,...Ch. 15 - Maltose utilization in E. coli requires the...Ch. 15 - Seven E. coli mutants were isolated. The activity...Ch. 15 - Prob. 16PCh. 15 - Six strains of E.coli mutants 16 that had one of...Ch. 15 - a. The original constitutive operator mutations in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 19PCh. 15 - Figure 15.16 on p. 525 shows that in the lac...Ch. 15 - Why is the trp attenuation mechanism unique to...Ch. 15 - a. How many ribosomes are required at a minimum...Ch. 15 - The following is a sequence of the leader region...Ch. 15 - For each of the E. coli strains that follow,...Ch. 15 - One mechanism by which antisense RNAs act as...Ch. 15 - For each element in the list that follows,...Ch. 15 - Great variation exists in the mechanisms by which...Ch. 15 - Many genes whose expression is turned on by DNA...Ch. 15 - Prob. 29PCh. 15 - The E.coli MalT protein is a positive regulator of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 31PCh. 15 - To find genes that are turned on or off in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 33PCh. 15 - Prob. 34PCh. 15 - Prob. 35PCh. 15 - The researchers who investigated bioluminescence...Ch. 15 - Prob. 37PCh. 15 - Quorum sensing controls the expression of...
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- Consider the lac operon of E. coli. Specifically, explain the following: a. Describe the overall chromosomal structure/organization of the operon, indicating the location and function of the regulatory regions and the structural genes. b. Is lac a catabolic or anabolic pathway? Explain. Is the operon inducible or repressible? Explain. c. Describe the mechanisms involved in negative control & positive controlarrow_forwardGive all possible genotypes of a lac operon that produces, or fails to produce, β-galactosidase and permease under the following conditions. Do not give partial-diploid genotypes. Lactose absent Lactose present β-Galactosidase Permease β-Galactosidase Permease a. − − + + b. − − − + c. − − + − d. + + + + e. − − − − f. + − + − g. − + − +arrow_forwardThe lac genotypes are as shown below: P+OcZ-Y+A+// P¯O+Z+Y+A+ (i) The lac operon consists of three structural genes, lacZ, lacY and lacA. Which structural genes are involved in lactose metabolism? Explain. (ii) Draw and explain how lactose repress the gene expression in lac IS/I- heterozygote. (iii) What is the function of the promoter in the bacterial operon?arrow_forward
- The lac operon consists of three structural genes, lacZ, lacY and lacA that are transcribed as a single polycistronic mRNA. You are given a new strain of Escherichia coli with the following lac operon genotype: p+0°Z•Y*A +// P*O*Z*Y+ A- (i) Explain how the lac I gene affects gene expression. (ii) Explain the function of the lacP in the bacterial operon. (iii) Which part of the lac operon is cis-dominant? Explain.arrow_forwardi onlyarrow_forwardGive all possible genotypes of a lac operon that produces, or fails to produce, B-galactosidase and permease under the following conditions. Do not give partial-diploid genotypes. Lactose present B-Galactosidase Lactose absent B-Galactosidase Permease Permease a. b. C. d. e. f. g. + I + II + + + | +Iarrow_forward
- The streptolysin S toxin made by S. pyogenes is encoded by a 9-gene operon, sagABCDEFGHI. Thinking about what a 3-line diagram would look like for this operon, answer the following questions. Write numeric answers only. For example, if your answer is 6 promoters, write only 6. 1) How many promoters control the expression of these genes? 2) How many locations does RNA Polymerase bind to get full expression of these genes? 3) How many ribosome binding sites are needed for full protein expression? 4) How many start codons will be needed for full protein expression? 5) How many mRNA strands will be produced with full operon expression? 6) How many proteins will be produced with full protein expression? 1arrow_forward1) The logic of the Lac operon was deciphered by using bacterial lac-operon mutants. Crucial to the experiments was creation of partial diploid cells in which operon from a wild-type cell is introduced into the mutant cell [thus there are 2 copies of the operon], and its ability to restore repression is assessed. Three classes of mutants were found that affect expression of the lac operon. Two of these resulted in constitutive expression of the operon, and the other eliminated all expression, even in the presence of lactose. Use the information above to complete the following table indicating with a (Y) yes or (N= No) if enzymatic activity of B-Gal will be detected (protein made and functional). Assume there is no glucose. Remember: Promoter for operon controls ALL genes downstream of it, coding sequence of the genes themselves matter (so if transcription is occurring but structural gene is producing a non-functional protein there will be no activity detected) For the lac operon…arrow_forwardThe lac operon consists of three structural genes, lacZ, lacY and lacA that are transcribed as a single polycistronic mRNA. The new lac strain of Escherichia coli are as shown below: P+O+Z+Y+A+// P+O+Z+Y+A¯ (i) Illustrate how lactose induces the gene expression in lac 1 $// I-. (ii) Explain the function of the lacP and laco in the bacterial operon.arrow_forward
- A number of mutations affect the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. The genotypes of several E. coli strains are shown below. ("+" indicates a wild-type gene with normal function and "-" indicates a loss-of-function allele.) Please predict which of the following strains would have the lowest beta-galactosidase enzyme activity, when grown in the lactose medium. Orpt o* z* r* Orpt ot z* Y OrptoztY Orrotzr OrPotz*Yarrow_forwardGiven the following mutant and conditions, predict the expression of the lacZ gene (no expression, basal level, activate level of expression). A mutant of E. coli has a mutation in the promoter of the lac operon that prevents RNA polymerase from binding. + glucose, - lactose + glucose, + lactose – glucose, + lactosearrow_forward2) Attenuation of the trp operon is controlled by the formation of stem-loop structures in the mRNA of the trpl region. The attenuation function can be disrupted by mutations that alter the sequence of the repeat DNA regions 1-4 and prevent formation of the RNA stem loops. Describe the most likely effects on attenuation of each of the following mutation under the conditions specified. a. Mutation in region 1 and low levels of tryptophan: b. Mutation in region 2 and low levels of tryptophan: Mutation in region 2 and moderate levels of tryptophan (low enough to release the repression but enough to allow the ribosome to NOT pause): с. d. Mutation in region 3 and low levels of tryptophan: е. Mutation in region 3 and moderate levels of tryptophan (low enough to release the repression but enough to allow the ribosome to NOT pause): f. Mutation in region 4 and low levels of tryptophan:arrow_forward
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