Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073525310
Author: Leland H. Hartwell, Michael L. Goldberg, Janice A. Fischer, Leroy Hood, Charles F. Aquadro
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 4P
All mutations that abolish function of the Rho termination protein in E. coli are conditional mutations; no cells with null mutations of the Rho-encoding gene have ever been isolated. What does this tell you about the rho gene and its product?
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Given the following genotypes, explain, by answering the questions in each number, how the mutation (identified by a (-) superscript) will affect E. coli grown in lactose medium.
Will there be a complete set ofgene products? (Yes/No)
Will the lac operon be turnedon/off?
Will the cell survive? (Yes/No)
a. i + p + o + z - y +
b. i + p - o + z + y +
c. i + p + o - z + y +
A number of mutations affect the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. The
genotypes of several E. coli strains are shown below. ("+" indicates a wild-type gene
with normal function and "-" indicates a loss-of-function allele.) Please predict which
of the following strains would have the highest beta-galactosidase enzyme activity,
when grown in the lactose medium.
O CAP+ r* p* o* z
O CAP* I P* o* z*
O CAP* r* P O* z*
O CAP I P* O z*
A full-length eukaryotic gene is inserted into a bacterial chromosome. The gene contains a complete promoter sequence and a functional polyadenylation sequence, and it has wild-type nucleotides throughout the transcribed region. However, the gene fails to produce a functional protein.
a)List at least 3 possible reasons why this eukaryotic gene is not expressed in bacteria.
b)What changes would you recommend to permit expression of this eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
Ch. 15 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 15 - The following statement occurs early in this...Ch. 15 - One of the main lessons of this chapter is that...Ch. 15 - All mutations that abolish function of the Rho...Ch. 15 - The promoter of an operon is the site to which RNA...Ch. 15 - You are studying an operon containing three genes...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7PCh. 15 - You have isolated two different mutants reg1 and...Ch. 15 - Bacteriophage , after infecting a cell, can...Ch. 15 - Mutants were isolated in which the constitutive...
Ch. 15 - For each of the E. coli strains containing the lac...Ch. 15 - For each of the growth conditions listed, what...Ch. 15 - For each of the following mutant E. coli strains,...Ch. 15 - Maltose utilization in E. coli requires the...Ch. 15 - Seven E. coli mutants were isolated. The activity...Ch. 15 - Prob. 16PCh. 15 - Six strains of E.coli mutants 16 that had one of...Ch. 15 - a. The original constitutive operator mutations in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 19PCh. 15 - Figure 15.16 on p. 525 shows that in the lac...Ch. 15 - Why is the trp attenuation mechanism unique to...Ch. 15 - a. How many ribosomes are required at a minimum...Ch. 15 - The following is a sequence of the leader region...Ch. 15 - For each of the E. coli strains that follow,...Ch. 15 - One mechanism by which antisense RNAs act as...Ch. 15 - For each element in the list that follows,...Ch. 15 - Great variation exists in the mechanisms by which...Ch. 15 - Many genes whose expression is turned on by DNA...Ch. 15 - Prob. 29PCh. 15 - The E.coli MalT protein is a positive regulator of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 31PCh. 15 - To find genes that are turned on or off in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 33PCh. 15 - Prob. 34PCh. 15 - Prob. 35PCh. 15 - The researchers who investigated bioluminescence...Ch. 15 - Prob. 37PCh. 15 - Quorum sensing controls the expression of...
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- The lac operon consists of three structural genes, lacZ, lacY and lacA that are transcribed as a single polycistronic mRNA. You are given a new strain of Escherichia coli with the following lac operon genotype: p+0°Z•Y*A +// P*O*Z*Y+ A- (i) Explain how the lac I gene affects gene expression. (ii) Explain the function of the lacP in the bacterial operon. (iii) Which part of the lac operon is cis-dominant? Explain.arrow_forwardThe lac operon consists of three structural genes, lacZ, lacY and lacA that are transcribed as a single polycistronic mRNA. You are given a new strain of Escherichia coli with the following lac operon genotype: p+0°Z•Y*A +// P*O*Z*Y+ A- (i) Explain how the lac I ³ gene affects gene expression.arrow_forwardThe E. coli genome contains approximately 4639 kb. (a) How many copies of the 6-bp recognition sequence for the trp repressor would be expected to occur in the E. coli chromosome? (b) Explain why it is advantageous for the trp repressor to be a dimer that recognizes two adjacent 6-bp sequences.arrow_forward
- A number of mutations affect the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. The genotypes of several E. coli strains are shown below. ("+" indicates a wild-type gene with normal function and "-" indicates a loss-of-function allele.) Please predict which of the following strains would have the lowest beta-galactosidase enzyme activity, when grown in the lactose medium. Orpt o* z* r* Orpt ot z* Y OrptoztY Orrotzr OrPotz*Yarrow_forwardWhat would happen to the regulation of the tryptophan operon in bacterial cells that express a mutant form of the tryptophan repressor that (1) cannot bind to DNA, (2) cannot bind tryptophan, or (3) binds to DNA even in the absence of tryptophan?arrow_forwardConsider the following simple regulatory pathways. Assume the full pathway is shown. A- E- B- F- C- G- D- 1 H- A You identify several null mutations (a complete deletion of the gene). For each mutant (ind with a - sign), determine whether the final product (I, J, K or L) is inducible, uninducible, or constitutive. 2 B 3 C 4 D inducible inducible constitutive uninducible constitutive inducible inducible E uninducible F G H > > >arrow_forward
- The following shows the genotype of a partial diploid bacterial cell - where one chromosomal region containing the lac operon in E,coli is given, and the other fragment is from a plasmid carrying another lac operon from another source. The two are separated by a slash (/). The possible answers indicate with a ʺ+ʺ or a ʺ-ʺ whether β-galactosidase would be expected to be produced at induced levels under two circumstances: 1) first in the absence of lactose and 2) second in the presence of lactose. (Assume that glucose is not present in the medium.)Genotype F: I+ Oc Z-/ Fʹ I- O+ Z+ KEY:I+ = wild-type repressorI- = mutant repressor (unable to bind to the operator)Is = mutant repressor (insensitive to lactose)O+ = wild-type operatorOc = constitutive operator (insensitive to repressor)arrow_forward(c) By binding one L-tryptophan molecule/monomer, the trp repressor binds to DNA to suppress syn- thesis of L-tryptophan in E. coli. Below is the amino acid sequence of the helix – (reverse) turn – helix region of the trp repressor that binds to DNA compared to the sequence of the corresponding DNA binding motif of the Prl protein, a different type of repressor protein. A diagram of the trp repressor dimer is also shown. reverse turn trp helix 4 70 Trp -Gly-Glu-Met-Ser-Gln-Arg-Glu-Leu-Lys-Asn-Glu-Leu-Gly-Ala-Gly- Ile- Prl -Ser-Glu-Glu-Ala-Lys-Glu-Glu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Lys-Cys-Gly-Ile-Thr- Val- Pri heilix trp helix 5 80 90 Trp Ala-Thr-Ile-Thr-Arg-Gly-Ser sgn-Ser-Leu-Lys-Ala-Ala- Prl Ser-Gln-Val-Ser-Asn-Trp-Phe-Gly-Asn-Lys-Arg-Ile-Arg- Prl helixarrow_forwardSome of the mutations of the type mentioned in Problem 28 have an interesting property: they prevent the formation of the antiterminator that normally takes place when the tryptophan level is low. In one of these mutations, the AUG start codon for translation of the 5′ UTR has been deleted. How might this mutation prevent antitermination from taking place?arrow_forward
- Why would a mutation in a somatic cell of a multicellular organism escape detection?arrow_forwardThe lac operon consists of three structural genes, lacZ, lacY and lacA that are transcribed as a single polycistronic mRNA. The new lac strain of Escherichia coli are as shown below: P+O+Z+Y+A+// P+O+Z+Y+A¯ (i) Illustrate how lactose induces the gene expression in lac 1 $// I-. (ii) Explain the function of the lacP and laco in the bacterial operon.arrow_forwardThe streptolysin S toxin made by S. pyogenes is encoded by a 9-gene operon, sagABCDEFGHI. Thinking about what a 3-line diagram would look like for this operon, answer the following questions. Write numeric answers only. For example, if your answer is 6 promoters, write only 6. 1) How many promoters control the expression of these genes? 2) How many locations does RNA Polymerase bind to get full expression of these genes? 3) How many ribosome binding sites are needed for full protein expression? 4) How many start codons will be needed for full protein expression? 5) How many mRNA strands will be produced with full operon expression? 6) How many proteins will be produced with full protein expression? 1arrow_forward
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