Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073525310
Author: Leland H. Hartwell, Michael L. Goldberg, Janice A. Fischer, Leroy Hood, Charles F. Aquadro
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 15, Problem 6P
You are studying an operon containing three genes that are cotranscribed in the order hupF, hupH, and hupG. Diagram the mRNA for this operon, showing the location of the 5′ and 3′ ends, all open reading frames, translational start sites, stop codons, transcription termination signals, and any regions that might be in the mRNA but do not serve any of these functions.
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Students have asked these similar questions
The lac operon consists of three structural genes, lacZ, lacY and lacA that are transcribed as a
single polycistronic mRNA. You are given a new strain of Escherichia coli with the following
lac operon genotype:
p+0°Z•Y*A +// P*O*Z*Y+ A-
(i)
Explain how the lac I gene affects gene expression.
(ii)
Explain the function of the lacP in the bacterial operon.
(iii)
Which part of the lac operon is cis-dominant? Explain.
The streptolysin S toxin made by S. pyogenes is encoded by a 9-gene
operon, sagABCDEFGHI. Thinking about what a 3-line diagram would look like for this
operon, answer the following questions. Write numeric answers only. For example, if your
answer is 6 promoters, write only 6.
1) How many promoters control the expression of these genes?
2) How many locations does RNA Polymerase bind to get full expression of these genes?
3) How many ribosome binding sites are needed for full protein expression?
4) How many start codons will be needed for full protein expression?
5) How many mRNA strands will be produced with full operon expression?
6) How many proteins will be produced with full protein expression?
1
For the following questions, describe the expression levels of the structural genes in the Trp operon under the conditions described.
In the absence of tryptophan, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"]
In the presence of tryptophan, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"]
In the absence of tryptophan and the promoter sequence was mutated such that the RNA polymerase can no longer bind, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"]
Chapter 15 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
Ch. 15 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 15 - The following statement occurs early in this...Ch. 15 - One of the main lessons of this chapter is that...Ch. 15 - All mutations that abolish function of the Rho...Ch. 15 - The promoter of an operon is the site to which RNA...Ch. 15 - You are studying an operon containing three genes...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7PCh. 15 - You have isolated two different mutants reg1 and...Ch. 15 - Bacteriophage , after infecting a cell, can...Ch. 15 - Mutants were isolated in which the constitutive...
Ch. 15 - For each of the E. coli strains containing the lac...Ch. 15 - For each of the growth conditions listed, what...Ch. 15 - For each of the following mutant E. coli strains,...Ch. 15 - Maltose utilization in E. coli requires the...Ch. 15 - Seven E. coli mutants were isolated. The activity...Ch. 15 - Prob. 16PCh. 15 - Six strains of E.coli mutants 16 that had one of...Ch. 15 - a. The original constitutive operator mutations in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 19PCh. 15 - Figure 15.16 on p. 525 shows that in the lac...Ch. 15 - Why is the trp attenuation mechanism unique to...Ch. 15 - a. How many ribosomes are required at a minimum...Ch. 15 - The following is a sequence of the leader region...Ch. 15 - For each of the E. coli strains that follow,...Ch. 15 - One mechanism by which antisense RNAs act as...Ch. 15 - For each element in the list that follows,...Ch. 15 - Great variation exists in the mechanisms by which...Ch. 15 - Many genes whose expression is turned on by DNA...Ch. 15 - Prob. 29PCh. 15 - The E.coli MalT protein is a positive regulator of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 31PCh. 15 - To find genes that are turned on or off in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 33PCh. 15 - Prob. 34PCh. 15 - Prob. 35PCh. 15 - The researchers who investigated bioluminescence...Ch. 15 - Prob. 37PCh. 15 - Quorum sensing controls the expression of...
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- Two closely linked open reading frames (ORFs) have been identified on the E. coli chromosome and they are predicted to encode genes sugX sugY which is involved in the catabolism (utilization) of a non-glucose sugar. In the figure below, the top line (with the big arrow) is the coding strand, and the bottom line is the non-coding (template) strand of the operon. Since the RNA sequence would be the “same” as the coding strand, please label (show the location of), in relation to the ORFs, the promoter(s) and 4 other genetic elements in this region that may be involved in the transcription and translation of sugX and sugY as well as the regulation of their expression. (Note: genetic elements are the regions of DNA or RNA.) If you are not comfortable with the coding strand of the DNA, feel free to draw the mRNA strand underneath and label the relevant features on the RNA strand, but the RNA strand must be aligned with the DNA strands in position and scale. Leader(s)/antileader(s) and…arrow_forwardFor the following questions, describe the expression levels of the structural genes in the Trp operon under the conditions described. In the absence of tryptophan, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"] In the presence of tryptophan, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"] In the absence of tryptophan and the promoter sequence was mutated such that the RNA polymerase can no longer bind, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"] In the presence of tryptophan and the promoter sequence was mutated such that the RNA polymerase can no longer bind, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"] In the absence of tryptophan and the trpR repressor gene is mutated such that the…arrow_forwardUnder low tryptophanyl-tRNA (tRNAtrp), we expect the trp operon to be expressed because: Question 13 options: Sections 1 and 2 of the leader form a hairpin that acts as a transcriptional terminator. Sections 2 and 3 of the leader form a hairpin that prevents the formation of a transcriptional terminator. Sections 1 and 2 of the leader form a hairpin that prevents the formation of a transcriptional terminator. Sections 2 and 3 of the leader form a hairpin that acts as a transcriptional terminator. Sections 3 and 4 of the leader form a hairpin that acts as a transcriptional terminator.arrow_forward
- The trp operon in E. coli encodes enzymes essential for the biosynthesis of tryptophan. In the operon, trpR gene encodes the repressor. A trpR repressor cannot bind tryptophan. The trpO is the operator. trpA encodes the enzyme tryptophan synthetase. For the enzyme (A), indicate with a + or-whether or not it is made when there is tryptophan and when there is no tryptophan. Without Tryptophan With Tryptophan R'O A /R* O' A R'O' A/R* Oʻ A R*OA/R' O Aarrow_forwardTo characterize the promoter of the gadA operon you made a series of deletion mutants removing pieces of the promoter to see what would happen. The results are found below: gad promoter gada gadX gadz 450 +1 lacz activity transcription start site pH 2.0 pH 7.0 A gad promoter beta-galactosidase (lacZ) +++ 450 gad promoter beta galactosidase (lacZ) +++ +++ 300 +1 gad promoter beta galactosidase (lacZ) 150 D gad beta galactosidase (lacz) -450 150 E gad promoter beta-galactosidase (lacZ) -450 -300 Based on these results, what can you conclude about the gad promoter? O a. The promoter is only regulated by repression Ob. The promoter is regulated by a mix of activation and repression O c. The promoter is only regulated by activation O d. The promoter has multiple operators and multiple enhancersarrow_forwardYou have isolated different mutants (reg1 and reg2) causing constitutive expression of the emu operon (which has genes emu1 and emu2). One mutant contains a defect in a DNA-binding site, and the other has a loss-of-function defect in the gene encoding a protein that binds to the site Say you don’t know which mutant has a defect in the site and which one has a mutation in the binding protein. To figure it out, you construct the two partial diploid strains (i and ii below), and you then assay the levels of the Emu1 and Emu2 proteins in these two strains. F’ (reg1- reg2+ emu1- emu2+) / reg1+ reg2+ emu1+ emu2- F’ (reg1+ reg2- emu1- emu2+) / reg1+ reg2+ emu1+ emu2- What proteins do you predict will be expressed for strains i and ii if reg2 encodes the regulatory protein and reg1 is the regulatory site?arrow_forward
- The lac operon consists of three structural genes, lacZ, lacY and lacA that are transcribed as a single polycistronic mRNA. The new lac strain of Escherichia coli are as shown below: P+O+Z+Y+A+// P+O+Z+Y+A¯ (i) Illustrate how lactose induces the gene expression in lac 1 $// I-. (ii) Explain the function of the lacP and laco in the bacterial operon.arrow_forwardYou are growing E. coli in a laboratory in order to study their operons. The growth media you are using contains lactose, no glucose and no tryptophan. Using your knowledge of operons and their regulation, answer the following questions using the dropdown menus provided in Canvas. Which operons would be functional under these conditions? What repressors would be made? (NOTE: name the repressors using their gene names) Which repressor(s) would be made in the inactive form? Which repressor(s) would be made in the active form? Which repressor(s) under these conditions can bind the operator sequence?arrow_forwardYou are growing E. coli in a laboratory in order to study their operons. The growth media you are using contains lactose, no glucose and no tryptophan. Using your knowledge of operons and their regulation, answer the following questions using the dropdown menus provided in Canvas. Which operons would be functional under these conditions? What repressors would be made? (NOTE: name the repressors using their gene names) Which repressor(s) would be made in the inactive form? Which repressor(s) would be made in the active form? Which repressor(s) under these conditions can bind the operator sequence? Which repressor(s)under these conditions cannot bind the operator sequence? What effect does lactose have on the bacterial cell’s lac operon? What does the absence of glucose do to the bacterial cell? You now add tryptophan to the cell. What would happen to the bacterial cell and its trp operon? What kind of regulation does lactose provide to an operon’s…arrow_forward
- Supply the words “off" or “on" in the blanks below: In an inducible operon, transcription is normally and must be turned In a repressible operon, transcription is normally and must be turned Briefly describe the overall function of the structural genes in the lac operon. Briefly describe the overall function of the structural genes in the trp operon. For the following descriptions of the bacterial lac operon, determine if lactose is present (P) or absent (A). The repressor is bound to the operator. The repressor is inactive. RNA polymerase transcribes the structural genes. Allolactose is bound to the repressor For the following descriptions of the bacterial trp operon, determine if tryptophan levels are high (H) or low (L). The repressor is bound to the operator. The repressor is inactive. RNA polymerase transcribes the structural genes. Tryptophan is bound to the repressor.arrow_forwardHow will transcription of the E. coli trp (tryptophan) operon be affected by the following manipulations of the leader region of the trp mRNA?(a) Increasing the distance (number of bases) between the leader peptide gene and region 2(b) Increasing the distance between region 2 and region 3(c) Removing region 4(d) Changing several nucleotides in region 3 so that in can base pair with region 4 but not with region 2arrow_forwardA number of mutations affect the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. The genotypes of several E. coli strains are shown below. ("+" indicates a wild-type gene with normal function and "-" indicates a loss-of-function allele.) Please predict which of the following strains would have the highest beta-galactosidase enzyme activity, when grown in the lactose medium. O CAP+ r* p* o* z O CAP* I P* o* z* O CAP* r* P O* z* O CAP I P* O z*arrow_forward
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