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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The structure for
Concept introduction: The reaction of hydroxyl groups of a monosaccharide with inorganic oxyacids results in the formation of inorganic esters. Phosphoric acid gives phosphate esters. Phosphate esters are commonly found in biological systems. The esterification of hemiacetal group on carbon 1 and the primary alcohol on carbon 6 gives phosphate esters.
(b)
Interpretation: The structure for
Concept introduction: The reaction of hydroxyl groups of a monosaccharide with inorganic oxyacids results in the formation of inorganic esters. Phosphoric acid gives phosphate esters. Phosphate esters are commonly found in biological systems. The esterification of hemiacetal group on carbon 1 and the primary alcohol on carbon 6 gives phosphate esters.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Classify the fatty acid with the following structural formula in the ways indicated. a. What is the type designation (SFA, MUFA, or PUFA) for this fatty acid? b. On the basis of carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation, what is the numerical shorthand designation for this fatty acid? c. To which "omega" family of fatty acids does this belong? d. What is the "delta" designation for the carbon chain double-bond locations for this fatty acid? Note: There are 2 items in the photo.arrow_forwardClassify the fatty acid with the following structural formula in the ways indicated. COOH a. What is the type designation (SFA, MUFA, or PUFA) for this fatty acid? b. On the basis of carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation, what is the numerical shorthand designation for this fatty acid? c. To which "omega" family of fatty acids does this fatty acid belong? d. What is the “delta" designation for the carbon chain double-bond location for this fatty acid?arrow_forwardDraw the structure of: a. 1-palmitoleyl-2-linolenyl-3-stearyltriglyceride. b. 1-linolenyl-2-arachidyl-3-phosphatidylserine.arrow_forward
- Using the tree structures for the following monosaccharides and comparing to that for glucose, draw the structures of the following: A. tree (Fischer) structures of: D-mannose and L-mannose B. ring structures of alpha-D-mannose, beta-D-mannose, alpha-L-mannose, and beta-L-mannose Draw the ring (Haworth) structures as 6-membered pyranoses, being careful to show the positions of the hydroxyl groups above or below the plane of the ring.arrow_forwardImagine a trisaccharide that has D-Altrose, D-Gulose, and D-Ribose. D-Altrose is bonded to D-Gulose in an α(1→4) glycosidic bond and D-Ribose is bonded to D-Altrose in an α(1→6) glycosidic bond. Draw the imaginary trisaccharide using Haworth projection with the appropriate representation of each monosaccharide.arrow_forwardisomaltose is a disaccharide which can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of amylopectin. Deduce the structure of isomaltose from the following data: a. The hydrolysis of 1 mole of isomaltose with acid or alpha-glucosidase yields 2 moles of D- glucose. b. Isomaltose is a reducing sugar c. Isomaltose is oxidized with bromine water to isomaltonic acid. Insomaltonic acid methylation followed by hydrolysis yielded 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-glucose and 2,3,4,5- tetra-O-methyl-D-gluconate acid. d. Isomaltose methylation itself followed by hydrolysis to produce 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl- D-glucose and 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose. Describe according to the four points abovearrow_forward
- Write down the Gly-Asp-Ala tripeptide and find its isoelectric point.arrow_forwardStearidonic acid (C18H28O2) is an unsaturated fatty acid obtained from oils isolated from hemp and blackcurrant (see also Problem 10.11). a. What fatty acid is formed when stearidonic acid is hydrogenated with excess Hạ and a Pd catalyst? b. What fatty acids are formed when stearidonic acid is hydrogenated with one equivalent of Hz and a Pd catalyst? c. Draw the structure of a possible product formed when stearidonic acid is hydrogenated with one equivalent of H2 and a Pd catalyst, and one double OH stearidonic acid bond is isomerized to a trans isomer. d. How do the melting points of the following fatty acids compare: stearidonic acid; one of the products formed in part (b); the product drawn in part (c)?arrow_forwardIt is well known that sphingomyelin interacts with cholesterol and high affinity. What do you suppose is the structural basis for such interactions? Be specific.arrow_forward
- Given the following choices,a. structure of sterolb. what is the structure of a glycolipid?arrow_forwardUsing skeletal structures, draw the structure of a simple triacylglyceride containing 1 eicosapentanoic acid, 1 myristic acid and 1 oleic acid residues, with label.arrow_forwardWrite structural formulas for the two dipeptides that contain leucine and aspartate.arrow_forward
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