The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated. Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further. Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides. The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other. Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer. The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses. The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.136EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

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Indicate which of the terms monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomers, and aldohexose applies to both members of each of the following pairs of substances. More than one term may apply to a given pair of substances. a-D-Glucose and a-D-galactose- Sucrose and cellobiose- Glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone- D-Ribose and L-ribose-

Draw the Fischer projection formula for each sugar and give the importance/use of each. 1. D- glyceraldehyde 2. D- erythrose 3. D- ribose 4. D- deoxyribose 5. D- glucose 6. D- galactose 7. D- fructose 8. D- ribulose

Listed below are descriptions that may belong to amylose, amylopectin, both, or it may not belong to either. Write A if it describes amylose, B if it describes amylopectin, AB if the statement applies to both, or O if it doesn’t apply to either. 1. Its monosaccharides are bound by at least one α-1,4-glycosidic bond. 2. It contains α-1,6-glycosidic bonds. 3. It can be broken down by the enzyme α-amylase. 4. A polysaccharide made up of gulose. 5. It can form a double helix.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.136EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.136EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.136EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.136EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.136EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.136EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The term monosaccharide, disaccharide, reducing sugar, anomers, enantiomer and aldohexoses whether applies to both the members of the given pair or not has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Monosaccharides are those type of sugars which cannot be hydrolysed further.

Disaccharides are those type of sugars which have two units of monosaccharides.

The enantiomers are the molecules that form non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Carbon atom which behaves as a stereocenter in the cyclic form of the hemiacetal compound is known as anomeric carbon. The molecule containing the anomeric carbon is called anomer.

The monosaccharides that have aldehyde as a functional group and a long chain of six carbon atoms are called aldohexoses.

The sugars that have a free carbonyl group are called reducing sugars.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 18.1 - In terms of mass percent, which of the following...Ch. 18.1 - Which of the following is the most abundant type...Ch. 18.2 - Which of the following statements concerning the...Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 18.3 - Which of the following is not a possible value for...Ch. 18.3 - The complete hydrolysis of a polysaccharide...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 2QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains the definition of monosaccharides, enantiomers, and aldohexoses, which applies to both members of the given pair.

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Chapter 18 Solutions