Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The validation for the presence of an
Concept introduction: Maltose is a disaccharide and it is also known as malt sugar. It is commonly found in baby foods and malted milk. Two glucose units are present in maltose joined together by
(b)
Interpretation: The validation for the presence of an
Concept introduction: Like maltose, cellobiose is a disaccharide and it contains two monosaccharide units of D-glucose joined together by
(c)
Interpretation: The validation for the presence of an
Concept introduction: Lactose is a disaccharide and it contains two monosaccharide units, D-galactose and D-glucose which are joined together by
(d)
Interpretation: The validation for the presence of an
Concept introduction: Sucrose is a disaccharide and it contains two monosaccharide units, Fructose and Glucose. These monosaccharide units are joined together by
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Chapter 18 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Listed below are descriptions that may belong to amylose, amylopectin, both, or it may not belong to either. Write A if it describes amylose, B if it describes amylopectin, AB if the statement applies to both, or O if it doesn’t apply to either. 1. Its monosaccharides are bound by at least one α-1,4-glycosidic bond. 2. It contains α-1,6-glycosidic bonds. 3. It can be broken down by the enzyme α-amylase. 4. A polysaccharide made up of gulose. 5. It can form a double helix.arrow_forwardHow many stereoisomers are possible for D-xylulose? A) 10 B) 6 C) 8 D) 4arrow_forwardisomaltose is a disaccharide which can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of amylopectin. Deduce the structure of isomaltose from the following data: a. The hydrolysis of 1 mole of isomaltose with acid or alpha-glucosidase yields 2 moles of D- glucose. b. Isomaltose is a reducing sugar c. Isomaltose is oxidized with bromine water to isomaltonic acid. Insomaltonic acid methylation followed by hydrolysis yielded 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-glucose and 2,3,4,5- tetra-O-methyl-D-gluconate acid. d. Isomaltose methylation itself followed by hydrolysis to produce 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl- D-glucose and 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose. Describe according to the four points abovearrow_forward
- Identify which of the following structural polysaccharides (amylopectin, amylose, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin) fits the description given below. A specific description may apply to more than one of the polysaccharides. 1. Contains both a(1→4) and a(1→6) glycosidic linkages 2. Polymer chain is unbranched 3. Glucose derivatives are present in the polymer chain 4. Contains only ß(1→4) glycosidic linkagesarrow_forward2) Consider the following disaccharide which was formed from the breakdown of a polysaccharide found in plant material. ОН Glycosidic linkage: H H OH H H НО H H. OH H. ОН OH H НО H ОН a. Label the glycosidic linkage above in the following format: a/B(# → #) b. Would you expect this disaccharide to have been formed from amylose or amylopectin? c. Describe at least two chemical tests that would give insight into the structure of this disaccharide, assuming you've isolated it and wanted to elucidate the structure from scratch. Include detail on not only the tests you would use but what results you would expect to get given the structure above. Assume you can analyze the structure of any monosaccharide you get from your chemical tests.arrow_forwardIn the structure in the picture, the monosaccharide units (alpha-D-galactopyranosyl and beta-D-allopyranose) are linked via alpha-1->3 glycosidic bond. Then, the formed disaccharide units are linked via beta-1->4 glycosidic bond. Then, an Oligosaccharide is formed which has 10 monosaccharide units, meaning that it contains 5 disaccharide units. Question: Is this oligosaccharide a good substrate for glycolysis? Provide two reasons for your answer.arrow_forward
- Classify the following polysaccharides Chitin Cellulose Peptidoglycan Glycogen Glycosaminoglycan A. Homopolysaccharide B. Heteroploysaccharidearrow_forwardMelibiose is a disaccharide found in artichokes. It consists of galactose and glucose linked by an a(1→6) glycosidic bond. a. Draw the structure of melibiose. b. Is melibiose a reducing sugar? c. Compare the structures of melibiose and lactose.arrow_forwardGive an example of each of the following: a. epimer b. acetal linkage c. reducing sugar d. monosaccharide e. anomer f. diastereomerarrow_forward
- Match the following sugars with their corresponding descriptions. A. Esculin J. 1. aldonitol G. rhamnose K cellobiose D. Melibiose E. saccharose C. raffinose H. trehalose F. Glucose B. Lactose Arabinose A. a pentose alcohol. B. a disaccharide consisting of glucose and galactose units linked by 3(1-4) glycosidic bond C. a trisaccharide consisting of galactose, fructose and glucose D. a disaccharide consisting of glucose and galactose units linked by a(1-6) glycosidic bond E. a disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose linked by a1-32 glycosidic bond F. a monosaccharide under aldohexoses G. deoxymannose H. a disaccharide consisting of 2 glucose units linked by a(1-1) glycosidic bond I. glucoside of esculetin. J. a monosaccharide under aldopentoses K. a disaccharide consisting of 2 glucose units linked by B(1-4) glycosidic bondarrow_forwardReferring to the structures in Figures 28.4 and 28.5, classify each pair of compounds as enantiomers, epimers, diastereomers but not epimers, or constitutional isomers of each other. a. D-allose and L-allose d. D-mannose and D-fructose b. D-altrose and D-gulose c. D-galactose and D-talose e. D-fructose and D-sorbose f. L-sorbose and L-tagatosearrow_forwardAnswer the following questions regarding the trisaccharide composed of a glucose, mannose and galactose a) What is the configuration on the anomeric carbon for the each of the sugars b) Which sugar end(s) are reducing? c) What is the numbering on the linkage connecting the glucose to the mannose? d) What is the numbering on the linkage connecting the mannose to the galactose? OH CH,OH Galactose но. но, CH,OH но но. он Glucose но. он Mannosearrow_forward
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