Chapter 23, Problem 23.55AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why the given reaction does not follow the indicated route is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which an electrophile group is replaced by another functional group is called the electrophilic substitution reaction. When the electrophilic substitution happens on an aromatic ring such as benzene then the reaction is known as electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Friedal Craft acylation is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. In this reaction, synthesis of monoacylated product takes place from the reaction between aromatic rings and acyl chlorides.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why the given reaction does not follow the indicated route is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Hofmann elimination, there is a formation of quaternary ammonium salt in the first step.

Hofmann elimination reaction is the conversion reaction of the primary amide to a primary amine with the loss of one carbon chain. The reaction requires basic conditions. The reaction of sodium hydroxide with bromine forms sodium hypobromite as an intermediate in situ.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why the given reaction does not follow the indicated route is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which an electrophile group is replaced by another functional group is called the electrophilic substitution reaction. When the electrophilic substitution happens on an aromatic ring such as benzene then the reaction is known as electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why the given reaction does not follow the indicated route is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Reduction is a reaction in which there is an addition of hydrogen atom or removal of oxygen atom. The substance used for the reduction is known as reducing agent. The reducing agents are get oxidized in the reduction process. Lithium aluminum hydride, sodium boron hydride are some common strong reducing agents.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why the given reaction does not follow the indicated route is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkyl halides undergo elimination reaction in the presence of a base to form alkenes. The mechanism of the reaction followed depends on the base used during the reaction. The $\text{E2}$ elimination reactions are carried out in the presence of strong, negatively charged bases. The most substituted alkene is formed as the major product according to Zaitsev’s rule.

The nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which one nucleophile attacks the electrophilic centre and eliminates another group in the compound. The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction is a nucleophilic substitution bimolecular single step reaction in which the addition of nucleophile and removal of leaving group takes place simultaneously.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why the given reaction does not follow the indicated route is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkyl halides undergo elimination reaction in the presence of a base to form alkenes. The mechanism of the reaction followed depends on the base used during the reaction. The $\text{E2}$ elimination reactions are carried out in the presence of strong, negatively charged bases. The most substituted alkene is formed as the major product according to Zaitsev’s rule.

The nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which one nucleophile attacks the electrophilic centre and eliminates another group in the compound. The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction is a nucleophilic substitution bimolecular single step reaction in which the addition of nucleophile and removal of leaving group takes place simultaneously.